Sabantuy is a Tatar, Idel-Uralian, Bashkir and Kazakh (‘Sabantoy’) summer festival, that dates back to the Volga Bulgarian epoch. At first Sabantuy was a festival of farmers in rural areas, but it later became a national holiday and now is widely celebrated in the cities. In 2012, Kazan Sabantuy was celebrated on June 23.[1]
NomenclatureEdit
Tatar-speakers call the holiday Sabantuy (Сабантуй, [sʌbɑnˈtuɪ]), or, more correctly, Saban tuyı (Сабан туе, [sʌˈbɑn tuˈjɯ]) — plural form: Sabantuylar [sʌbɑntuɪˈlɑr].
Other Turkic peoples living along the Volga also celebrate the holiday. Bashkir-speakers call it Habantuy (Һабантуй), Chuvash-speakers — Akatuy (Акатуй).
The holiday’s name means «plough’s feast» in Turkic languages. The synonym «plough’s holiday», or Saban bäyräme (Сабан бәйрәме [sʌˈbɑn bæɪræˈme]) also occurs.
HistoryEdit
Sabantuy traces its origins to the pre-Islamic epoch, when it was celebrated before the sowing season. The presence of Sabantuy was noticed by ibn Fadlan as early as in 921. Traditional songs and other customs of the Sabantuy probably had a religious connotation at that time.
Later, with the spread of Islam among Tatars and Bashkirs and Christianity among Chuvashs, it became a secular holiday. In each region, villages took turns to celebrate the holiday.
In the beginning of the 20th century Sabantuy gained recognition as the national festival of the Tatars. The Soviet authorities approved of this festival probably due to its humble rural origin. However, they moved Sabantuy to the after-sowing season, thus merging it with the ancient summer festival Cıyın (Cyrillic: Җыен, [ʑɯɪˈɯn]).
Recently, Moscow announced plans to nominate Sabantuy for the inclusion into the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity list in 2007.
TraditionsEdit
The main distinctive elements of Sabantuy include the traditional sporting competitions such as köräş (Tatar wrestling), horse racing, race-in-sack, pillar-climbing, egg-in-spoon-in-mouth-racing, sacks-battle on the crossbar, pot smashing [1], finding a coin in a qatıq (a beverage made from sour milk), and other contests. Such activities take place on the mäydan,[2] which would usually be located at the edge of a forest.
A tradition, called sörän,[3] was held to collect a fare for guests of the festival and prizes for the winners of the contests. Qarğa botqası (Rook’s porridge),[4] a ritual porridge, was cooked before the Sabantuy to treat children in the village. Another tradition was praying at the cemetery.
In the recent years Sabantuy is also often combined with the folk and pop music festivals, as well as accordion music festivals, named Play, accordion! (Uyna, ğarmun!).
KurashEdit
The wrestling Kurash, is the main competition of Sabantuy. Wrestlers use towels and the aim is to knock down the opponent.
Usually young boys start the competition. At the end of Sabantuy, the main event of the festival is the final of köräş. The winner becomes the batır,[5] the hero of the Sabantuy. The prize varies from a ram in small villages to a car at big cities’ celebrations.[1]
Calendar of the festivalEdit
Sabantuylar do not have a set date. The festivities take place approximately from June 15 to July 1, and usually fall on a Sunday. Initially, Sabantuylar are arranged in villages, followed by Sabantuylar in rural districts, and the final ones taking place in major cities. The last Sabantuy is held in Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan. A similar schedule is applied for Akatuy in Chuvashia and Habantuy in Bashkortostan.
In the last few years the Russian government arranged federal Sabantuylar in Moscow. Many cities in Europe and Asia that have major Tatar diasporas, such as Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Tallinn, Prague, Istanbul, Kyiv and Tashkent, also hold Sabantuylar.
Today Sabantuy can be characterized as an international festival attracting many people of various ethnicities who participate in Sabantuylar, both in Tatarstan, and all over the world.
Political traditionsEdit
Sabantuy is a symbol of Tatarstan. This is why every Russian president visiting the republic takes part in the Sabantuy held in Kazan. During his visit to Kazan in the mid-1990s Boris Yeltsin became the center of attention at a Sabantuy when he took part in a traditional competition in which the participants try to crash a clay pot while being blindfolded. Vladimir Putin took part in a humorous competition during which he tried to dip his face into a jar full of sour milk in order to fish out a coin without using his hands.[6]
NotesEdit
- ^ a b Drayton, James (4 July 2012). «Sabantuy». home to roam. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ^ Мәйдан; [mæɪˈdɑn]; also maydan, майдан, [mʌɪˈdɑn] in spoken language
- ^ Сөрән; [sœˈræn]
- ^ Карга боткасы, [qʌrˈɣɑ bɔtqɑˈsɯ]
- ^ [bʌˈtɯr], also батыр batyr, паттӑр pattăr
- ^ «Новая газета — Novayagazeta.ru». Новая газета — Novayagazeta.ru.
ReferencesEdit
- «Saban tuyı/Сабан туе». Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
- (in English) 2012 Sabantuy celebrations in Kazan
- (in English) Traditions of Sabantuy, Ogonyok, photos
- (in English) Photos of Sabantuy
- (in English) History of Habantuy
- (in English) Photos of Akatuy
- (in Russian) Традиции Сабантуя, Огонёк
- Video on YouTube: Sabantui in Prague
Sabantuy — a holiday of the peoples of Bashkortostan and Tatarstanin honor of harvesting, demonstrating the strength and dexterity of Bashkirs and Tatars, promoting a healthy lifestyle. It has a centuries-old history, preserved its traditions today.
Description of the holiday
The word «Sabantui» comes from Turkic lexemes»Saban» — plow and «tui» — a holiday. It is celebrated in June in honor of the completion of spring sowing works. This event is national and loved, in its celebration take part and children and adults.
Sabantui is celebrated every year, it was not heldOnly in those periods when there were wars or hard times for the people. It is a holiday of labor, health, strength and agility. It has its own customs, rituals, usually consists of various competitions, accompanied by numerous songs and dances.
This holiday is under the protection of UNESCO as a masterpiece of the oral heritage of mankind, after all it is a real precious stone of national unity and friendship.
Sabantuy: the history of the holiday
The folk festival has a long history. For the first time this holiday is mentioned in the notes of the Arab ambassador from 921 AD, who came to the lands of Bashkirs and Tatars to study their traditions and way of life.
Initially, the holiday was of a sacred character,was conducted with the aim of coaxing the spirits and fertility deities so that they could send down a good harvest. Therefore, Sabantuy was celebrated in April before sowing works. In ritual games and competitions, it was the young guys who participated, as the sacred custom assumed a symbolic wedding with nature, so the word «tui» in this case is more correctly interpreted as «wedding, marriage».
In addition, the ritual custom assumedsacrifices and public prayers in honor of the god of the Sun and Heaven — Tengre and in honor of the spirits of ancestors. Later, these pagan rites were replaced by the tradition of offering gifts.
People’s holiday Sabantuy was preparing in advance, yetin winter. Young girls embroidered and sewed towels, scarves and shirts, which became the main reward for the jigits, who participated in folk games and competitions. The most cherished and expensive reward was a towel decorated with embroidery from national patterns.
The main games and competitions were: horse racing, wrestling, competitions in running and dexterity.
The modern status of the holiday
People’s festivities are very common today not only in the towns and villages of Bashkiria and Tatarstan, but also in other settlements.
Tatar national holiday Sabantuyofficially has the status of a state celebration, decrees and orders are issued on the date and place of its holding, responsible persons are appointed at all levels of government, the scenario is being considered, and the holiday is being prepared. Historically, the folk festival has clear rituals and traditions, however, there are also modern trends in its conduct.
In addition, Sabantuy has the status of a federal holiday and is held in many cities of Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Samara and others.
How to celebrate Sabantuy?
The Sabantuy national holiday usually takes place in June in 3 stages:
- the celebration begins in the villages and villages of the republic on the first Saturday after the completion of the sowing campaign;
- a week later, festivities take place in cities;
- another 7 days later grandiose celebration is held in the capital of Tatarstan.
During the festivities in alladministrative areas are arranged with special festive grounds, usually on a large field — the Maidan, where various competitions take place between real jigits, performances of masters of arts and culture, folk festivals. On the racetrack necessarily arrange jumps. In addition, in villages and villages, the tradition of collecting gifts is preserved.
Competitions and folk games
At Sabantuy it is customary to conduct variouscompetitions and games for demonstrating strength, agility and just for people’s entertainment. The most favorite amusement of all jigits is kuresh, wrestling on belts, which is held between men of different ages.
The purpose of the competition is to take the enemy by the beltand throw it to the ground. First, the fight is held between the boys, then the boys enter the fight, the third pair — middle-aged men. The culmination of the match is the struggle between two undefeated jigits. The winner of kuresh (batyr) receives the main prize — a live sheep.
Another main competition is horse racing,which can be held separately at the racetrack or set up directly on the maidan, and in the latter case, the distance is determined by eye to any point.
Sabantui is a holiday of health, so it’s prettyoften jigits compete in raising stones, demonstrating their strength. As weights are weights or bars, the weight of which is 25 kg. The essence of the match is to raise the stone with both hands and hold it in the right palm, raised upwards.
This holiday is also cheerful, therefore quite often joke competitions are held. The most common are various competitions in the race:
- with an egg in a spoon;
- with full buckets of water on the rocker;
- jumping in bags;
- paired races, when the left leg of one person is tightly connected with the other’s right.
The following folk games are very popular:
- fighting with sacks of grass or hay, which runs on a slippery, unstable log;
- with blindfolds using a stick, it is necessary to break clay pots that are on the ground;
- command or single tug of war, sticks;
- lasagne for the prize on a tall and smooth pole, the length of which can reach 15 m.
Treats at the feast
A cheerful folk festival Sabantuy, the description of which can not be complete without a review of traditional Tatar dishes, is also very hospitable.
It is customary to treat me with meat and sweet food. At Sabantuy usually prepare the following dishes:
- Tatar pilaf on lamb with the addition of tomato paste or any vegetables;
- interchanges — delicate pies with meat, the feature of which is the presence of a hole on top of a bun;
- lamb stuffed with eggs, butter and spices;
- belish with duck and rice in meat broth;
- Chak-chak — a traditional sweet dish, which is a sandwich cookie, filled with liquid honey.
Sabantuy Children’s Festival
People’s festivities take everyone, they love him andadults and children. Initially, this tradition is still preserved today, it was the children who started the celebration. They are the first to take part in competitions, they play with pleasure in folk entertainment. Therefore, Sabantuy began to be held separately for children in schools and kindergartens.
Celebrate the holiday in early summer, when the school holidays begin, in addition, the children’s Sabantuy coincides with the International Children’s Day.
The folk festivals of the children take into account all the traditions of this celebration:
- On the eve of collecting gifts for the winners, avoidinghouses of neighbors, relatives, good acquaintances. As the presents are all the same scarves and towels, and also can be toys, sweets and other things.
- The main holiday consists of various competitions, games in which boys and girls compete in dexterity and strength.
- Traditionally, a talent contest is held. Children with pleasure sing, dance, read poetry.
- The end of the holiday is the presentation of gifts to the winners.
Children spend the triumph themselves, the leading ones are dressed innational costumes, the participants bring sweet treats, after the event they arrange a tea party and merry dances. The children are attached to the folk culture, imbued with the traditions of their ancestors.
Congratulations with Sabantuy
At Sabantuy — a holiday of labor and health — it is customary to say warm wishes to each other. In addition, congratulations are heard in newspapers and other media, from leaders of all levels and, of course, the president.
Wishes flow the most diverse, but the words about health, happiness, well-being remain unchanged. It is not out of place that wishes for success in working life and all earthly goods.
You can give the following example of congratulations onSabantuy: «From the bottom of my heart I congratulate Sabantuy on the national holiday — an old and eternally young holiday of labor, hospitality, generous harvest. I wish you health, prosperity and happiness! Let success accompany you, and all the blessings of the world accompany your family.»
Traditions and innovation of the holiday
The folk festival has its own structure, consists of certain rites, games. However, it is developing, new, interesting trends appear that make it more diverse.
Sabantuy — a holiday that combines the traditions of the people and various innovations, the main ones are as follows:
- rewarding foremost labor and winners in the competitions of professions;
- new types of competitions: chess, cycling, armwrestling, volleyball, competition on stilts and others;
- Running with the participation of the best trotters of Russia and abroad;
- in some settlements the holiday begins with a prayer read by the mullah (it should be noted that the event in question is not religious).
Thus, Sabantuy is a Bashkir holiday of labor, strength, dexterity, and health. A general folk festival, accompanied by a variety of competitions, games, songs and dances.
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Hello! My names is Ksenia. I am twelve years old. I study at school №89 in the fifth form. I’m lucky, because Tatarstan is my native land. The capital of Tatarstan is Kazan. I think it is one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in the Volga region.
There are a lot of different holidays and festivals in my city. The most popular festival is Sabantuy. As it is impossible to imagine the Greeks without the Olympic Games, the Spaniards without their bullfights, it is also impossible to speak about a way of life of Tatars without the Sabantuy. Sabantuy is the most ancient and traditional festival of Tatar people. It is “a celebration of the plough” This holiday takes place at the end of June when the villagers finish their spring work in the fields.
There are more than 20 national and common types of sport competitions and games in the Sabantuy program. The major competitions are the Tatar national wrestling- “Kuresh” and the horse races. There are also a lot of funny competitions and sport games, for example, egg-races, “running-in-sacks” races. Climbing up a high pole is rather difficult, but very funny. The prize is a big cock, sitting on the top! All competitions of the Sabantuy are accompanied by concerts of national ensembles, dances and songs, fair of crafts, products of decorative art. Everyone tries to show his or her skills and talent.
Nowadays, I think, the Sabantuy festival is very popular with people of all nationalities. We have a lot of guests from all over the world. Every year my family and I have a nice time. We have a picnic, take part at the different competitions, sing and dance. I like this festival very much.
Tatarstan is a multicultural republic. There sre many various festivals and holidays. Some of them are specific to this or that nation.
I would like to tell you about a very popular, amusing and loved by everybody Tatar national holiday Sabantuy.
Sabantuy is perhaps the most popular festival. It is a celebration of the plough (in tatar language “saban” means “plough” and ‘tuy” means “festival”).Sabantuy doesn’t have a set date. it takes place at the beginning of summer, after the first haymaking. Initially the festivals are arranged in villages, followed by sabantuy in rural districts, and the final ones taking place in major cities.
Our grandparents always tell us about histiry of this festival. Earlier people believed that owing to this festival they would have a good harvest.
I have very happy memories of Sabantuy. Most of all I like the competitions, such as horse racing, race-in-sack, pillar-climbing, egg-in-spoon-in-mouth-racing, sacks-battle on the crossbar, pots crashing, finding a coin in a beverage made from sour milk. You can choose any competition you like.
The Tatar wrestling is the main competition of Sabantuy. Wrestlers use towels and the arm to knock down the opponent. In our village all boys take part at this competition to find out their power.
The winner becomes the hero of Sabantuy. The prizes for him is very expensive, like a TV-set or a car. But the main present is a ram.
Sabantuy takes place on the maydan, which would usually be located at the edge of a forest.
Sabantuyis a symbol of Tatarstan. Russian presidents visiting the republic like to take part in Sabantuy held in Kazan. During his visit to Kazan in the mid-1990s Boris Yeltsin became the center of attention at Sabantuy taking part in a traditional competition, where the participants while being blindfolded tryed to crash a clay pot. The next president Vladimir Putin took part in a humorous competition where he tried to dip his face into a bowl full of sour milk in order to fish out a coin without using his hands.
2017-10-26
Сабантуй / Sabantuy
Перевод задания
Напишите короткое эссе о любимом празднике или любом особом событии в вашем регионе (городе / поселке / деревне). Используйте словосочетания из упражнения 42.
В своем эссе ответьте на эти вопросы:
1. Когда у вас праздник / мероприятие? (время года и дата)
2. Как люди и ваша семья готовятся к этому празднику / событию?
3. Что они делают, чтобы отметить этот праздник / событие?
4. Нравится ли вам этот праздник / мероприятие? Почему?
5. Есть ли в Великобритании подобные праздники / мероприятия? Как люди его отмечают?
ОТВЕТ
Sabantuy is an ancient festival of the Turkic peoples. Nowadays it is a cheerful holiday held with national songs and dances, comic contests and sports.
The Sabantuy festival has more than a thousand−year history.
Traditions and ceremonies has changed over time, some of them disappeared, giving place to new ones. Today, traditionally district or city mayor opens Sabantuy with a welcoming speech, and the President of Tatarstan opens the main Sabantuy in Kazan. After the opening ceremony, the entertainment begins: performances of singers, dancers − both amateur and professional. Performances are replaced by a cascade of comic competitions for sportsmanship and strength, for example, various foot−races: sack−racing, race with water buckets on shoulder−yoke, racing with a spoon in the mouth, with an egg in spoon. Guests fight on a slippery log with sacks filled with hay; participate in a contest when competitors should break blindfolded a clay pot set on the ground, with a stick. Other popular games are tug−of−war, stick pulling, climbing on a high smooth post for the prize, which is fixed at the top. The prize may be a live rooster in a cage, boots and something else.
The most significant competition on Sabantuy was and still is a national wrestling on the belts «Koresh». The winner traditionally gets the most valuable prize of Sabantuy. Previously, the winner was given a live sheep, nowadays it can be a car or expensive home electronics.
Contests of singers, dancers and reciters are held on Maidan − the area of the feast, master classes in national crafts are held there, too. Usual time of Maidan is from 10−11 a.m. till 2−3 p.m. One can buy sweets and treats there, including national sweets, have tea from samovars.
Sabantuy in Tatarstan has the status of a national holiday and is held in every municipal district and settlement of the republic. Edicts and decisions on the preparation, terms and locations are issued, and organizing committees are appointed from top−ranking officials. Annually hundreds of thousands of residents and guests of the republic take part in the festival as organizers, artists, athletes and spectators.
Перевод ответа
Сабантуй − древний праздник тюркских народов. В наши дни это веселый праздник с народными песнями и танцами, шуточными конкурсами и спортом.
Фестиваль Сабантуй имеет более чем тысячелетнюю историю.
Традиции и обряды со временем изменились, некоторые из них исчезли, уступив место новым. Сегодня традиционно с приветственной речью открывает Сабантуй мэр района или города, а Президент Татарстана открывает главный Сабантуй в Казани. После церемонии открытия начинается развлечение: выступления певцов, танцоров − как любительских, так и профессиональных. Выступления сменяются каскадом юмористических соревнований на спортивное мастерство и силу, например, различные пешие скачки: бег на мешках, гонка с ведрами на коромысле, скачки с ложкой во рту, с яйцом в ложке. Гости сражаются на скользком бревне с мешками с сеном; участвовать в соревновании, когда участники должны разбить палкой глиняный горшок, поставленный на землю, с завязанными глазами. Другие популярные игры − это перетягивание каната, перетягивание клюшки, лазание по высокому гладкому столбу за призом, который закреплен наверху. Приз может быть живым петухом в клетке, сапогами и еще чем−нибудь.
Самым значительным соревнованием на Сабантуе была и остается национальная борьба на поясах «Корэш». Победитель традиционно получает самый ценный приз Сабантуя. Раньше победителю дарили живую овцу, теперь это может быть машина или дорогая бытовая техника.
На Майдане − площади праздника, проходят конкурсы певцов, танцоров и чтецов, проходят мастер−классы по народным промыслам. Обычное время Майдана − с 10−11 до 14:00. Здесь можно купить сладости и угощения, в том числе национальные сладости, попить чай из самоваров.
Сабантуй в Татарстане имеет статус национального праздника и проводится в каждом муниципальном районе и поселке республики. Издаются указы и решения о подготовке, сроках и местах проведения, оргкомитеты назначаются из числа высокопоставленных чиновников. Ежегодно сотни тысяч жителей и гостей республики принимают участие в фестивале в качестве организаторов, артистов, спортсменов и зрителей.