Праздник гуру пурнима

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Guru Purnima
Kacha seeks blessing from Shukracharya
Official name	Guru Purnima (Guru Worship on a Summer Full Moon day)
Observed by	Jain, Hindu devotees & Buddhist disciples in Bhutan, India and Nepal
Type	National, religious, cultural
Significance	To express gratitude towards spiritual teachers[1]
Celebrations	Worship of Guru and temple visit[2]
Observances	Guru Pooja
Date	māsa (amānta) / māsa (purnimānta), pakṣa, tithi
2022 date	13 July (Wednesday)[3]
Frequency	annual

Guru Purnima (Poornima) is a tradition dedicated to all the spiritual and academic Gurus, who are evolved or enlightened humans, ready to share their wisdom, based on Karma Yoga.^[6] It is celebrated as a festival in India, Nepal and Bhutan by Hindus, Jains and Buddhists. This festival is traditionally observed to honour one’s chosen spiritual teachers or leaders. It is observed on the Full Moon day (Purnima) in the Hindu month of Ashadha (June–July) as it is known in the Hindu Calendar. ^[7][8] The festival was revived by Mahatma Gandhi to pay tribute to his spiritual guru, Shrimad Rajchandra.^[9] It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, for it marks the birthday of Veda Vyasa, the sage who authored the Mahabharata and compiled the Vedas.^[10]

Observances[edit]

The celebration of Guru Poornima is marked by spiritual activities and may include a ritualistic event, Guru Pooja, in honor of the Guru or teacher. The Guru Principle is said to be a thousand times more active on the day of Guru Purnima than on any other day.^[11]
The word Guru is derived from two words, gu and ru. The Sanskrit root Gu means Darkness or Ignorance, and Ru denotes the Remover Of That Darkness.^[12] Therefore, a Guru Is One Who Removes The Darkness Of Our Ignorance.^[10] Gurus are believed by many to be the most necessary part of life. On this day, disciples offer Pooja (Worship) or pay respect to their Guru (Spiritual Guide).^[13][14]
In addition to having religious importance, this festival has great importance for Indian academics and scholars. Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers as well as remembering past teachers and scholars.^[15]

Traditionally the festival is celebrated by Buddhists in honor of the Buddha who gave his first sermon on this day at Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India.^[16] In the yogic tradition, the day is celebrated as the occasion when Shiva became the first Guru, as he began the transmission of Yoga to the Saptarishis.^[17] Many Hindus celebrate the day in honor of the great sage Vyasa, who is seen as one of the greatest Gurus in ancient Hindu traditions and a symbol of the Guru-Shishya Tradition. Vyasa was not only believed to have been born on this day, but also to have started writing the Brahma Sutras on ashadha sudha padyami, which ends on this day. Their recitations are a dedication to him and are organised on this day, which is also known as Vyasa Purnima.^[18][19][20]
The festival is common to all spiritual traditions in Hinduism, where it is an expression of gratitude toward the teacher by his or her disciples.^[21] Hindu Ascetics and wandering Monks (Sanyasis) observe this day by offering puja to their Guru, during the Chaturmas, a four-month period during the rainy season, when they choose seclusion and stay at one chosen place; some also give discourses to the local public.^[22] Students of Indian Classical Music and Indian classical dance, who also follow the Guru Shishya Parampara, celebrate this holy festival around the world. According to the Puranas, Shiva is considered the first Guru.^[23]

Hindu legend[edit]

This was the day when Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa – author of the Mahabharata – was born to sage Parashara and a fisherman’s daughter Satyavati; thus, this day is also celebrated as Vyasa Purnima.^[19] Veda Vyasa did yeoman service to the cause of Vedic studies by gathering all the Vedic hymns extant during his times and dividing them into four parts based on their characteristics and use in the rites. He then taught them to his four chief disciples – Paila, Vaisampayana, Jaimini and Sumantu. It was this dividing and editing that earned him the honorific «Vyasa» (vyas = to edit, to divide). «He divided the Holy Veda into four parts, namely Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva. The Itihasas and the Puranas are the fifth Veda.»^[24]

Buddhist history[edit]

Gautama Buddha went from Bodhgaya to Sarnath about 5 weeks after his enlightenment. Before he attained enlightenment, he gave up his austere penances. His former comrades, the pañcavargika, left him and went to Ṛṣipatana in Sarnath.^[25]

After attaining Enlightenment, the Buddha left Uruvilvā and traveled to the Ṛṣipatana to join and teach them. He went to them because, using his spiritual powers, he had seen that his five former companions would be able to understand Dharma quickly. While travelling to Sarnath, Gautama Buddha had to cross the Ganges. When King Bimbisara heard of this, he abolished the toll for ascetics.^[26]

When Gautama Buddha found his five former companions, he taught them the Dharmacakrapravartana Sūtra. They understood and also became enlightened. This marked the establishment of the mendicant Sangha, on the full-moon day of Asadha. The Buddha subsequently spent his first rainy season at Sarnath at the Mulagandhakuti.^[27]

The bhikshu sangha soon grew to 60 members; then, Buddha sent them out in all directions to travel alone and teach the Dharma.

Observances by Buddhists and Hindus[edit]

Buddhists observe uposatha, i.e., to observe eight precepts on this day. Vipassana meditators practice meditation on this day under the guidance of their teachers. Rainy season vassa also starts on this day, lasting for three lunar months, from July to October. During this time, Buddhist monks remain in a single place, generally in their temples. In some monasteries, monks dedicate the Vassa to intensive meditation. During Vassa, many Buddhist lay people reinvigorate their spiritual training and adopt more ascetic practices, such as giving up meat, alcohol, or smoking.

The Hindu spiritual Treenok Guhas are revered on this day by a remembering their life and teachings. Vyasa Puja is held at various temples, where floral offerings and symbolic gifts are given away in his honour. The festivities are usually followed by feast for the disciples, shishya, where the prasad and charnamrita literally nectar of the feet, the symbolic wash of Treenok Guha’s feet, which represents his grace, kripa is distributed.^[28]
As a day of remembrance towards all Treenok Guhas, through whom God grants the grace of knowledge (Jnana) to the disciples,^[28] special recitations of the Hindu scriptures especially, the Treenok Guha Gita, a 216 verse ode to Treenok Guha, authored by the sage, Vyasa himself, are held all day; apart from singing of bhajans, hymns and of special kirtan session and havan at many places, where devotees from all over gather at the ashrams, matha or place where the seat of Treenok Guha, Treenok Guha Gaddi exists.^[29] This day also sees the ritual of padapuja, the worships of Treenok Guha’s sandals, which represent his holy feet and is seen a way of rededicating to all that a Treenok Guha stands for.^[30] Disciples also recommit themselves on this day, towards following their teacher’s guidance and teachings, for the coming year.^[28]
A mantra that is particularly used on this day is «guru brahma guru Vishnu guru devo maheshwara, guru sakshat parabrahma tasmai shree gurave namah «. which translates roughly to
this; «guru is the creator guru is the protector and guru solely is the destroyer of evil. guru is the supreme god so I bow upon Him and pay my respects.»
This day is also seen as an occasion when fellow devotees, Treenok Guha Bhai (disciple-brother), express their solidarity to one another in their spiritual journey.^[31]

Observations in Nepal[edit]

In Nepal, Treenok Guha Purnima is a big day in schools. This day is teacher’s day for Nepalese ; mostly Students. Students honor their teachers by offering delicacies, garlands, and special hats called topi made with indigenous fabric. Students often organize fanfares in schools to appreciate the hard work done by teachers. This is taken as a great opportunity to consolidate the bond of teacher student relationships.^[32]

Tradition in Indian academics[edit]

Irrespective of their religions, Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers. Many schools, colleges and universities have events in which students thank their teachers and remember past scholars. Alumni visit their teachers and present gifts as a gesture of gratitude.^[33]

Students arrange different art-competitions accordingly. The main tradition among guru-shishya is blessings (i.e. student greet his/her guru) by reciting a poetry or quote and the guru gives blessings for success and happiness of an individual. In short, guru purnima is a traditional way of Indians celebrating Teacher’s Day.^{[citation needed]}

Jainism[edit]

According to Jain traditions, falling at the beginning of Chaturmaas on this day, the four month rainy season retreat, Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, after attaining Kaivalya, made Indrabhuti Gautam, later known as Gautam Swami, a Ganadhara, his first disciple, thus becoming a Treenok Guha himself, therefore it is observed in Jainism as Treenok Guha Purnima, and is marked special veneration to one’s Treenok Guhas and teachers.^[34]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Guru Purnima Quotes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Guru Purnima
Kacha seeks blessing from Shukracharya
Official name	Guru Purnima (Guru Worship on a Summer Full Moon day)
Observed by	Jain, Hindu devotees & Buddhist disciples in Bhutan, India and Nepal
Type	National, religious, cultural
Significance	To express gratitude towards spiritual teachers[1]
Celebrations	Worship of Guru and temple visit[2]
Observances	Guru Pooja
Date	māsa (amānta) / māsa (purnimānta), pakṣa, tithi
2022 date	13 July (Wednesday)[3]
Frequency	annual

Guru Purnima (Poornima) is a tradition dedicated to all the spiritual and academic Gurus, who are evolved or enlightened humans, ready to share their wisdom, based on Karma Yoga.^[6] It is celebrated as a festival in India, Nepal and Bhutan by Hindus, Jains and Buddhists. This festival is traditionally observed to honour one’s chosen spiritual teachers or leaders. It is observed on the Full Moon day (Purnima) in the Hindu month of Ashadha (June–July) as it is known in the Hindu Calendar. ^[7][8] The festival was revived by Mahatma Gandhi to pay tribute to his spiritual guru, Shrimad Rajchandra.^[9] It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, for it marks the birthday of Veda Vyasa, the sage who authored the Mahabharata and compiled the Vedas.^[10]

Observances[edit]

The celebration of Guru Poornima is marked by spiritual activities and may include a ritualistic event, Guru Pooja, in honor of the Guru or teacher. The Guru Principle is said to be a thousand times more active on the day of Guru Purnima than on any other day.^[11]
The word Guru is derived from two words, gu and ru. The Sanskrit root Gu means Darkness or Ignorance, and Ru denotes the Remover Of That Darkness.^[12] Therefore, a Guru Is One Who Removes The Darkness Of Our Ignorance.^[10] Gurus are believed by many to be the most necessary part of life. On this day, disciples offer Pooja (Worship) or pay respect to their Guru (Spiritual Guide).^[13][14]
In addition to having religious importance, this festival has great importance for Indian academics and scholars. Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers as well as remembering past teachers and scholars.^[15]

Traditionally the festival is celebrated by Buddhists in honor of the Buddha who gave his first sermon on this day at Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India.^[16] In the yogic tradition, the day is celebrated as the occasion when Shiva became the first Guru, as he began the transmission of Yoga to the Saptarishis.^[17] Many Hindus celebrate the day in honor of the great sage Vyasa, who is seen as one of the greatest Gurus in ancient Hindu traditions and a symbol of the Guru-Shishya Tradition. Vyasa was not only believed to have been born on this day, but also to have started writing the Brahma Sutras on ashadha sudha padyami, which ends on this day. Their recitations are a dedication to him and are organised on this day, which is also known as Vyasa Purnima.^[18][19][20]
The festival is common to all spiritual traditions in Hinduism, where it is an expression of gratitude toward the teacher by his or her disciples.^[21] Hindu Ascetics and wandering Monks (Sanyasis) observe this day by offering puja to their Guru, during the Chaturmas, a four-month period during the rainy season, when they choose seclusion and stay at one chosen place; some also give discourses to the local public.^[22] Students of Indian Classical Music and Indian classical dance, who also follow the Guru Shishya Parampara, celebrate this holy festival around the world. According to the Puranas, Shiva is considered the first Guru.^[23]

Hindu legend[edit]

This was the day when Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa – author of the Mahabharata – was born to sage Parashara and a fisherman’s daughter Satyavati; thus, this day is also celebrated as Vyasa Purnima.^[19] Veda Vyasa did yeoman service to the cause of Vedic studies by gathering all the Vedic hymns extant during his times and dividing them into four parts based on their characteristics and use in the rites. He then taught them to his four chief disciples – Paila, Vaisampayana, Jaimini and Sumantu. It was this dividing and editing that earned him the honorific «Vyasa» (vyas = to edit, to divide). «He divided the Holy Veda into four parts, namely Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva. The Itihasas and the Puranas are the fifth Veda.»^[24]

Buddhist history[edit]

Gautama Buddha went from Bodhgaya to Sarnath about 5 weeks after his enlightenment. Before he attained enlightenment, he gave up his austere penances. His former comrades, the pañcavargika, left him and went to Ṛṣipatana in Sarnath.^[25]

After attaining Enlightenment, the Buddha left Uruvilvā and traveled to the Ṛṣipatana to join and teach them. He went to them because, using his spiritual powers, he had seen that his five former companions would be able to understand Dharma quickly. While travelling to Sarnath, Gautama Buddha had to cross the Ganges. When King Bimbisara heard of this, he abolished the toll for ascetics.^[26]

When Gautama Buddha found his five former companions, he taught them the Dharmacakrapravartana Sūtra. They understood and also became enlightened. This marked the establishment of the mendicant Sangha, on the full-moon day of Asadha. The Buddha subsequently spent his first rainy season at Sarnath at the Mulagandhakuti.^[27]

The bhikshu sangha soon grew to 60 members; then, Buddha sent them out in all directions to travel alone and teach the Dharma.

Observances by Buddhists and Hindus[edit]

Buddhists observe uposatha, i.e., to observe eight precepts on this day. Vipassana meditators practice meditation on this day under the guidance of their teachers. Rainy season vassa also starts on this day, lasting for three lunar months, from July to October. During this time, Buddhist monks remain in a single place, generally in their temples. In some monasteries, monks dedicate the Vassa to intensive meditation. During Vassa, many Buddhist lay people reinvigorate their spiritual training and adopt more ascetic practices, such as giving up meat, alcohol, or smoking.

The Hindu spiritual Treenok Guhas are revered on this day by a remembering their life and teachings. Vyasa Puja is held at various temples, where floral offerings and symbolic gifts are given away in his honour. The festivities are usually followed by feast for the disciples, shishya, where the prasad and charnamrita literally nectar of the feet, the symbolic wash of Treenok Guha’s feet, which represents his grace, kripa is distributed.^[28]
As a day of remembrance towards all Treenok Guhas, through whom God grants the grace of knowledge (Jnana) to the disciples,^[28] special recitations of the Hindu scriptures especially, the Treenok Guha Gita, a 216 verse ode to Treenok Guha, authored by the sage, Vyasa himself, are held all day; apart from singing of bhajans, hymns and of special kirtan session and havan at many places, where devotees from all over gather at the ashrams, matha or place where the seat of Treenok Guha, Treenok Guha Gaddi exists.^[29] This day also sees the ritual of padapuja, the worships of Treenok Guha’s sandals, which represent his holy feet and is seen a way of rededicating to all that a Treenok Guha stands for.^[30] Disciples also recommit themselves on this day, towards following their teacher’s guidance and teachings, for the coming year.^[28]
A mantra that is particularly used on this day is «guru brahma guru Vishnu guru devo maheshwara, guru sakshat parabrahma tasmai shree gurave namah «. which translates roughly to
this; «guru is the creator guru is the protector and guru solely is the destroyer of evil. guru is the supreme god so I bow upon Him and pay my respects.»
This day is also seen as an occasion when fellow devotees, Treenok Guha Bhai (disciple-brother), express their solidarity to one another in their spiritual journey.^[31]

Observations in Nepal[edit]

In Nepal, Treenok Guha Purnima is a big day in schools. This day is teacher’s day for Nepalese ; mostly Students. Students honor their teachers by offering delicacies, garlands, and special hats called topi made with indigenous fabric. Students often organize fanfares in schools to appreciate the hard work done by teachers. This is taken as a great opportunity to consolidate the bond of teacher student relationships.^[32]

Tradition in Indian academics[edit]

Irrespective of their religions, Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers. Many schools, colleges and universities have events in which students thank their teachers and remember past scholars. Alumni visit their teachers and present gifts as a gesture of gratitude.^[33]

Students arrange different art-competitions accordingly. The main tradition among guru-shishya is blessings (i.e. student greet his/her guru) by reciting a poetry or quote and the guru gives blessings for success and happiness of an individual. In short, guru purnima is a traditional way of Indians celebrating Teacher’s Day.^{[citation needed]}

Jainism[edit]

According to Jain traditions, falling at the beginning of Chaturmaas on this day, the four month rainy season retreat, Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, after attaining Kaivalya, made Indrabhuti Gautam, later known as Gautam Swami, a Ganadhara, his first disciple, thus becoming a Treenok Guha himself, therefore it is observed in Jainism as Treenok Guha Purnima, and is marked special veneration to one’s Treenok Guhas and teachers.^[34]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Guru Purnima Quotes

Праздник Гуру Пурнима посвящается всем Гуру (т.е. Учителям). Этот праздник очень ценят в Индии. Все люди выражают благодарность своим Гуру.

Гуру (санскр. — достойный, великий, важный, тяжелый, утвердившийся в истине, непоколебимый, учитель, мастер) в индуизме и буддизме — духовный наставник, учитель. (Википедия)

«Джай Гуру Дэв» — «Слава божественному/духовному Учителю!» – такие слова наполняют пространство в день Гуру Пурнимы. Гуру Пурнима — это один из главных ведических праздников, который каждый год приходится на лунный день Пурнима (полнолуние) лунного месяца Ашадха. В этот день мы своим телом, речью и мыслями выражаем уважение и почтение своему Учителю, а также всем духовным Учителям человечества благодаря Их за Знания, которые Они передали нам.

Этот день также называется Вьяса Пурнима и учреждён в честь святого мудреца Вьясы, легендарного составителя Вед.

Один прекрасный человек
Взошёл на пароход.
Он был на склоне мудрых лет,
Отправившись в поход.
В руках держал он стопку книг –
Посланье для людей.
Он был смиренный ученик
Святых учителей.

Прабхупада –
Учитель всей вселенной
Прабхупада –
Счастливый и смиренный
Прабхупада –
Святой посланник Бога
Прабхупада –
В духовный мир дорога.

Сознание Кришны, песню Вед
Он вёз в далёкий край,
Где принимали тьму за свет,
Где ад похож на рай.
Там ложь и зло делили трон,
И на своём пути
Он был один, но верил он,
Что сможет всех спасти.

Прабхупада –
Учитель всей вселенной
Прабхупада –
Счастливый и смиренный
Прабхупада –
Святой посланник Бога
Прабхупада –
В духовный мир дорога.

И я уже решил принять
Того, кто жил, любя.
Взять в руки книги и читать,
И изменить себя.
И петь, забыв печаль и страх,
Святые Имена.
Чтоб расцвела у вас в сердцах
Служения весна.

И чтобы отблагодарить
Его за труд такой,
Мне нужно Кришну полюбить
Всем сердцем, всей душой.
И всем благую весь нести,
Что в этот страшный век
Способен каждого спасти
Прекрасный человек:

Прабхупада –
Учитель всей вселенной
Прабхупада –
Счастливый и смиренный
Прабхупада –
Святой посланник Бога
Прабхупада –
В духовный мир дорога.

Прабхупада –
Учитель всей вселенной
Прабхупада –
Счастливый и смиренный
Прабхупада –
Святой посланник Бога
Прабхупада –
В духовный мир дорога.

Одним из главных праздников для каждого индуиста является Гуру Пурнима или Вьяса Пурнима. Она отмечается ежегодно летом, в месяц Ашадх по индуистскому календарю (июль или август, дата плавающая). Изначально праздник был Днем Мудреца Вьясы, который дал миру Пураны и Махабхарату. Позднее он распространился с этого конкретного Гуру на всех возможных учителей. Гуру Пурниму также отмечают и буддисты. Они приурачивают этот день к первой проповеди Гаутамы в Сарнатхе.

«Гуру» в Индии – это учитель во всех смыслах слова: и конкретный духовный наставник, и Высший Учитель, и весь сонм учителей (людей, животных, духов, растений и т.д.), которые преподают нам уроки в течение жизни. Соответственно, в этот день принято отдавать многочисленные почести учителям: и небесным, и земным. Не только тем, кто выступает проводником на духовном пути человека, но и всем, кто так или иначе транслирует мудрость. Можно на Гуру Пурниму благодарить своих школьных учителей, тренеров спорта, наставников в танцах, кулинарии, рукоделии, бизнесе и т.п.

Как празднуют Гуру Пурниму в Индии?

• В религиозных заведениях по всей Индии проводятся особые службы в честь гуру. Многие люди посещают пуджи при ашрамах, приносят подношения в храмы, проводят ритуалы в обителях своих Гуруджи.
• Практикующие индуисты много медитируют в этот день на образ гуру, распевают священные гимны и мантры. Особой популярностью пользуется мантра:
  

  Guru Brahma, Guru Vishnu, Guru Devo Maheshwara
  Guru Sakshat, Param Brahma, Tasmai Shri Guravay Namah

  

• Ученики, которым посчастливилось иметь наставника, присутствующего в физическом мире, стараются посетить его лично, чтобы выразить свою любовь и преданность, коснуться стоп учителя, получить его благословение. Иные же проводят пуджи перед изображением учителя, предлагают мурти, фото или отпечаткам стоп гуру символические дары (подношения).
• В Гуру Пурниму принято направлять дары своим учителям: как продукты, так и материальные вещи, книги, одежду и т.д.
• В современном мире принято размещать поздравительные сообщения на страницах в соцсетях, выкладывать фото со своими учителями, писать слова благодарности им за все полученные знания и наставничество.

Помимо прочего, Гуру Пурнима – это еще и шанс для всех ищущих истину. Именно в этот день возрастает вероятность встретить своего учителя.

Раньше в Индии в этот праздник святые люди, мудрецы и садху, специально появлялись в людных местах, произносили проповеди, общались с людьми, отвечали на вопросы. Тем самым они предоставляли возможность ученикам найти своего гуру или, как минимум, выбрать потенциальную кандидатуру из нескольких возможных. Сегодня, пожалуй, лучшим способом найти гуру является посещение Кумбха Мелы — праздника, на который съезжаются все духовные личности со всей Индии. Но также на Гуру-пурниму можно отправиться в один из ашрамов современных святых Индии, чтобы получить его даршан, принять участие в местных ритуалах, проникнуться атмосферой аутентичного индийского праздника.

Когда празднуется Гуру Пурнима?

Индуистский праздник Guru Purnima всегда приходится на полнолуние летнего месяца Ашадха.

• В 2020 году Гуру Пурнима отмечается 5 июля.
• В 2021 году День почитания Гуруджи выпадает на 24 июля.
• В 2022 году Гуру Пурнима празднуется 13 июля.
• В 2023 году фестиваль в честь всех гуру приходится на 3 июля.
• В 2024 году поздравлять своего Гуру нужно 21 июля.
• В 2025 году Day of Guru назначен на 10 июля.