Черная пятница это государственный праздник

«Черная пятница» — это день больших скидок во многих магазинах. Традиция устраивать распродажи в определенный день появилась в США, но успела распространиться по всему миру. Ярмарка Мастеров тоже запустила грандиозную распродажу — а мы расскажем вам о происхождении «Черной пятницы» и о том, как этот день проходит по всему миру.

1. Традиционно «Черная пятница» приходится на следующий день после Дня Благодарения. Раньше скидки устраивались только в пятницу, но все больше магазинов продлевают их на целые выходные или даже дольше. Поскольку теперь «Черную пятницу» празднуют во многих странах, ее все чаще устраивают не после американского праздника, а в другие дни.

2. В России «Черная пятница» впервые прошла в 2010 году. С каждым годом в этой акции участвует все больше магазинов — как оффлайн, так и в сети. Единый день проведения распродажи у нас не прижился, но чаще всего российская «Черная пятница» проходит в ноябре.

3. «Черная пятница» не является государственным праздником ни в одной стране, но в США многие работники берут отгул на этот день, чтобы прийти в магазин к открытию и купить желанную вещь по выгодной цене. Конечно, к продавцам и кассирам это не относится — работодатели стараются не давать им отгулы в дни распродажи, чтобы справиться с наплывом посетителей.

4. Несмотря на популярность «Черной пятницы», самое большое количество покупок в США приходится не на этот день, а на последнюю субботу перед Рождеством. Стоит отметить, что и в этот день многие товары можно купить со скидкой, а некоторые даже с большей, чем в «Черную пятницу» — например, цены на игрушки сильнее всего падают именно перед праздниками.

5. Традиция устраивать распродажи после Дня Благодарения возникла еще в 19 веке, но сам термин «Черная пятница» появился в Филадельфии в 1960-х годах. Он был впервые употреблен в газетной заметке о пробках на дороге в день скидок, из-за которых работники дорожных служб называли день «черным». Этот термин прижился и стал широко употребимым, несмотря на многочисленные попытки переименовать день в «Большую пятницу».

6. Согласно третьему закону Ньютона, на каждое действие есть противодействие. Так случилось и с «Черной пятницей» — рост ее популярности привел к появлению «Дня без покупок». Этот день приходится на «Черную пятницу», а поддерживают его активисты, выступающие против излишнего потребления.

7. Тем не менее, интерес к «Черной пятнице» растет с каждым годом — в прошлом году только в США покупки в дни скидок совершило более 170 миллионов человек! В общей сложности с пятницы по понедельник они потратили больше 6 миллиардов долларов.

8. Можно себе представить, какая давка и толчея творится в американских магазинах в день больших скидок. К сожалению, иногда не обходится без жертв: в 2008 году толпа покупателей насмерть затоптала одного из работников магазина.

9. В прошлом году количество людей, совершивших покупки на «Черную пятницу» в интернете, превысило количество покупателей в оффлайн-магазинах. Кажется, это не только удобно, но и куда безопаснее.

9. В связи с распространением интернет-покупок появился еще один день скидок — «Киберпонедельник». Он проходит в онлайн-магазинах по окончании «Черной пятницы» и последующих выходных, когда всеобщий ажиотаж немного утихает. В «Киберпонедельнике» обычно участвуют небольшие интернет-магазины и сайты по продаже техники.

10. Почему же «Черная пятница» вызывает такой ажиотаж? Дело в том, что скидки на товары в этот день могут достигать 90%! Некоторые недобросовестные магазины задирают цены, прежде чем выставить скидки. Ярмарка Мастеров позаботилась, чтобы такого не случилось, поэтому на нашей распродаже все скидки реальные.

Удачных покупок на «Черной пятнице»!

💬
Комментировать

5

👍
Нравится

24

Ежегодно в первую пятницу после американского Дня Благодарения (обычно – это последняя неделя ноября) стартует знаменитая Чёрная пятница (Black Friday) – день, который совсем не соответствует своему мрачному названию. Ведь Чёрная пятница – это одна из самых ярких и незабываемых пятниц в году, это день огромных скидок и распродаж, это главный праздник для всех шопоголиков и отличное решение для тех, кто хочет сэкономить.

Именно с Чёрной пятницы в западных странах начинается традиционный рождественский сезон распродаж, когда можно приобрести самые разнообразные товары по очень выгодным ценам, ведь размер скидок колеблется от 30 до 90% в зависимости от групп товаров.

Традиция этому безудержному шоппингу возникла в Америке ещё в 19 веке, когда крупнейшие торговые сети начали устраивать грандиозные предрождественские распродажи, стимулируя покупателей на покупки невероятными размерами скидок, бонусов, особенными подарками и т.д. А сам термин «Чёрная пятница» появился только в 1966 году в Филадельфии.

Существует две общепринятые версии о происхождении названия. По одной, день так называли из-за огромных пробок на дорогах, которые образовывались на следующий день после Дня благодарения. По другой, название Чёрная пятница произошло благодаря способу ведения бухгалтерской отчетности в этот день. Убытки записывали красными чернилами, а прибыль – чёрными, а так как выручка в этот день была огромной, то и чёрный цвет в отчетности преобладал.

Так, или иначе, данная традиция грандиозных распродаж приобрела такой успех, что быстро распространилась и в других странах. Именно в этот день сотни миллионов человек по всему миру сметают с полок даже самый залежалый товар, принося продавцам месячные прибыли. Сегодня Чёрная пятница – популярный международный тренд. Но именно в Америке этот день ждут с особым нетерпением. Накануне, ещё до полуночи, в торговых центрах и магазинах американских городов негде яблоку упасть – предусмотрительные покупатели занимают очередь заранее, а некоторые даже ночуют у входа в магазины. Ведь первых покупателей ждут серьёзные скидки (от 50 до 80%). К тому же в Чёрную пятницу многие магазины открываются очень рано – около 5 часов утра, а некоторые крупнейшие торговые сети – даже в полночь.

^{Сегодня Чёрная пятница – популярный международный тренд (Фото: conrado, по лицензии Shutterstock.com)}

Хотя этот день не является официальным праздником, но многие американцы берут отгул, конечно же, за исключением сотрудников розничной торговли. А магазины и торговые сети делают всё, чтобы привлечь покупателей.

Казалось бы, такая «щедрая» политика должна приносить убыток представителям торговли. Однако, большой поток покупателей сполна компенсирует низкие цены, к тому же впереди Рождество, и приобретение товаров становится просто «необходимостью» у людей. Таким образом, магазины за один день «убивают» трёх зайцев: привлекают большой поток покупателей, обеспечивают быстрое движение товара и получают хорошую прибыль. Кстати, не надо думать, что в распродаже участвуют только уцененные или непопулярные товары. Поскольку продавец, в любом случае, остается в выигрыше, поэтому скидки распространяются и на лучшие товары в ассортименте. К тому же, уже традиционно фирмы-производители техники и бытовых товаров приурочивают выпуск новой линейки продукции к этому периоду. Так они не только стимулируют спрос, но и делают рекламу новому товару.

Ещё одна важная отличительная черта Чёрной пятницы – товар, приобретённый в этот день, вернуть в магазин (по любой причине) считается дурным тоном. Поэтому и процент возврата покупок невелик, что также на руку продавцам. Но и покупатель остается в выигрыше, ведь многие заранее планируют покупки и приобретают их в Чёрную пятницу с большой выгодой. А под скидки в этот день попадают практически все категории товаров, от продуктов питания до бытовой техники. Самыми ходовыми традиционно остаются электроника, одежда и игрушки.

Хотя по телевизору ежегодно мы видим огромные толпы людей, штурмующих в Чёрную пятницу магазины в США и сметающих с прилавков всё – от носков до огромных плазменных панелей, когда времени на рассматривание и размышление нет и порой не обходится без травм, но популярность этого события не становится меньше. И в целом «праздник истинных шопоголиков» приносит настоящее удовлетворение всем его участникам. По статистике, в Чёрную пятницу американская семья может в среднем сэкономить от нескольких сотен, до тысяч долларов. Каждый год они оставляют в магазинах по $60 миллиардов, что сравнимо с годовым бюджетом небольшой страны.

Надо также сказать, что в Европе «Чёрная пятница» проходит по-другому. Да, традиция делать скидки в преддверии Рождества сохраняется, но всё происходит более чинно и благородно. Во многих европейских странах честность скидок в торговых точках контролируется государством, а ещё и интернет-магазины не отстают от своих «реальных» коллег. В последнее время всё больше европейцев совершают покупки в эти дни, не покидая своего жилища.

^{В России Чёрная пятница проводится с 2013 года (Фото: Pressmaster, по лицензии Shutterstock.com)}

В России Чёрная пятница проводится с 2013 года. Но, в отличие от аналогичного события в США, товары со скидками в России продаются в основном через Интернет. Но ассортимент от этого не страдает, со скидкой можно купить: электронику и бытовую технику, спортивный инвентарь и книги, одежду и обувь, аксессуары и товары для детей, игрушки и подарки, предметы интерьера и текстиль, оптику и флористику, ювелирные изделия и зоотовары… На нескольких российских сайтах концентрируется, анализируется и предоставляется покупателям информация о скидках в интернет-магазинах и магазинах физических. Покупателям остается только выбирать, сравнивать и оперативно оплачивать товары. В акции уже участвуют многие популярные торговые сети и российские магазины.

Хотя по величине скидок российские магазины пока уступают западным соседям, но и сама акция для России – явление ещё весьма новое. Кстати, у неё есть свой «кодекс чести». По словам организаторов Чёрной пятницы, все интернет-магазины, желающие принять в ней участие, обязаны следовать нескольким правилам: цены должны быть максимально снижены; товар должен быть в наличие в достаточном объеме; перед началом Чёрной пятницы запрещено повышать цены на ассортимент.

Если и вы приняли решение поучаствовать в Чёрной пятнице, желаем вам приятного шопинга и максимальных скидок!

Black Friday
Shoppers rush into a store in Laramie, Wyoming as it opens on Black Friday.
Observed by	Traditionally:[1] United States Others: Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Liechtenstein, Germany, Poland, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, India, Norway, Sweden, France, Brazil, Mexico (as El Buen Fin) and increasingly many other parts of the world.
Type	Commercial
Significance	Popular shopping day
Observances	Shopping
Date	Day after U.S. Thanksgiving
2022 date	November 25
2023 date	November 24
2024 date	November 29
2025 date	November 28
Frequency	Annual
Related to	Thanksgiving, Small Business Saturday, Cyber Monday, Giving Tuesday, Christmas, Buy Nothing Day

Black Friday is a colloquial term for the Friday after Thanksgiving in the United States. It traditionally marks the start of the Christmas shopping season in the United States. Many stores
offer highly promoted sales at discounted prices and often open early, sometimes as early as midnight^[2] or even on Thanksgiving. Some stores’ sales continue to Monday («Cyber Monday») or for a week («Cyber Week»).

Black Friday occurs on the day after Thanksgiving in the United States. Black Friday has routinely been the busiest shopping day of the year in the United States.^[3][4][5]

Etymology[edit]

For centuries, the adjective «black» has been applied to days upon which calamities occurred. Many events have been described as «Black Friday», although the most significant such event in American history was the Panic of 1869, which occurred when financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk took advantage of their connections with the Grant Administration in an attempt to corner the gold market. When President Grant learned of this manipulation, he ordered the Treasury to release a large supply of gold, which halted the run and caused prices to drop by 18%. Fortunes were made and lost in a single day, and the president’s own brother-in-law, Abel Corbin, was ruined.

The earliest known use of «Black Friday» to refer to the day after Thanksgiving occurred in the journal, Factory Management and Maintenance, for November 1951, and again in 1952. Here it referred to the practice of workers calling in sick on the day after Thanksgiving, in order to have a four-day week-end. However, this use does not appear to have caught on. Around the same time, the terms «Black Friday» and «Black Saturday» came to be used by the police in Philadelphia and Rochester to describe the crowds and traffic congestion accompanying the start of the Christmas shopping season. In 1961, the city and merchants of Philadelphia attempted to improve conditions, and a public relations expert recommended rebranding the days «Big Friday» and «Big Saturday,” but these terms were quickly forgotten.^{[6][7][8][9][10][11]}

The use of the phrase spread slowly, first appearing in The New York Times on November 29, 1975, in which it still refers specifically to «the busiest shopping and traffic day of the year» in Philadelphia. Although it soon became more widespread, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported in 1985 that retailers in Cincinnati and Los Angeles were still unaware of the term.^[12]

As the phrase gained national attention in the early 1980s, merchants objecting to the use of a derisive term to refer to one of the most important shopping days of the year suggested an alternative derivation: that retailers traditionally operated at a financial loss for most of the year (January through November) and made their profit during the holiday season, beginning on the day after Thanksgiving.^[6] When this was recorded in the financial records, once-common accounting practices would use red ink to show negative amounts and black ink to show positive amounts. Black Friday, under this theory, is the beginning of the period when retailers would no longer be «in the red,” instead of taking in the year’s profits.^[6][12][13] The earliest known published reference to this explanation occurs in The Philadelphia Inquirer for November 28, 1981.^[14]

Since the early 21st century, there have been attempts by U.S.-based retailers to introduce a retail «Black Friday» to other countries around the world. Retailers outside the US have attempted to promote the day to remain competitive with US-based online retailers.^[15]

In more recent decades, global retailers have adopted the term and date to market their own holiday sales.^[16]

History[edit]

The day after Thanksgiving has been regarded as the beginning of the United States Christmas shopping season since 1952. The practice may be linked with the idea of Santa Claus parades. Parades celebrating Thanksgiving often include an appearance by Santa at the end of the parade, with the idea that «Santa has arrived» or «Santa is just around the corner» because Christmas is always the next major Christian holiday following Thanksgiving.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Santa or Thanksgiving parades were sponsored by department stores. These include the continuing Toronto Santa Claus Parade in Canada since 1905, originally sponsored by Eaton’s, and Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade held in Manhattan, New York City since 1924, sponsored by Macy’s. Department stores would use the parades to launch a big advertising push. Eventually, it became an unwritten rule that no store would try doing Christmas advertising before the parade was over. Therefore, the day after Thanksgiving became the day when the shopping season officially started.

Thanksgiving’s relationship to Christmas shopping led to controversy in the 1930s. Retail stores would have liked to have a longer shopping season, but no store wanted to break with tradition and be the one to start advertising before Thanksgiving. For this reason, in 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued a presidential proclamation proclaiming Thanksgiving to be the fourth Thursday in November rather than the last Thursday, meaning in some years one week earlier, in order to lengthen the Christmas shopping season.^[17] Most people adopted the President’s change, which was later reinforced by an act of Congress, but many continued to celebrate Thanksgiving on the traditional date.^[17] Some started referring to the new date as Franksgiving.

In 2015, Amazon.com was the first to offer «Black Friday in July» deals on what they called «Prime Day», promising better deals than on Black Friday. Amazon repeated the practice in 2016 and 2017, and other companies began offering similar deals.^[18]

Analyst Marshal Cohen of The NPD Group claimed in 2020 that Black Friday is declining in favor of online shopping,^[19] and that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this process. The pandemic also resulted in holiday deals being offered over a longer period of time, even as early as October.^[20] Fewer people shopped in person on Black Friday 2020, and most business took place online. Market research company Numerator said sellers of clothing, tools and other items considered nonessential during lockdowns were not promoted as heavily because lower production meant less available to sell.^[21] Adobe Analytics reported that online sales reached $9 billion in 2020, 22% more than the previous year. Foot traffic to stores fell 48% in 2020 from last year, according to RetailNext, while Sensormatic Solutions reported a 52% decrease.^[22]

«Black Thursday»[edit]

For many years, retailers pushed opening times on Black Friday earlier and earlier, eventually reaching midnight, before opening on the evening of Thanksgiving. In 2009, Kmart manager Freddy Moss opened at 7 P.M. on Thanksgiving in order to allow shoppers to avoid Black Friday traffic and return home in time for dinner with their families. Two years later, a number of retailers began opening at 8 P.M. or 9 P.M., on what became derisively known as «Black Thursday». In subsequent years, other stores have followed this trend, opening earlier and earlier on Thanksgiving, or remaining open all day, beginning in the early morning hours.^[23][24] Some retail and media sources have used the terms «Gray Thursday» or «Brown Thursday» instead.^[25][26][27]

The 2014 «Black Thursday» sales were generally a failure, as overall sales for the holiday week-end fell 11% compared to the previous year despite heavy traffic at the stores on Thanksgiving night.^[28] In response, a number of retailers decided to go back to closing on Thanksgiving for 2015, and Walmart, although its holding firm opening on the holiday and holding its sale, also pledged to offer the same deals online for those who wished to stay home.^[29]

Retailers have received pushback from some consumers over opening on Thanksgiving Day.^[30] Shopper opposition to stores opening on Thursday includes the perceived over-commercialization of Thanksgiving, retail workers not being able to spend time with their loved ones on the holiday,^[31] and Thursday doorbuster sales forcing consumers to sacrifice enjoying Thanksgiving evening with their families in order to avoid missing out on highly sought-after items which might not be available again prior to Christmas.

Most retailers abandoned efforts to hold doorbuster sales on Thanksgiving in 2020; large crowds have been forbidden under most circumstances since March due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, major retailers such as Walmart and Target had already reduced their hours and dropped 24/7 operations in response to the pandemic, and several retailers known for opening on the holiday (particularly Kmart, which has typically been open regular hours) have rapidly declined.^[32] According to Adobe Analytics, online shopping set a record on Thanksgiving 2020 with $5.1 billion in total spending, 21.5% higher than in 2019.^[21] Most major retailers again closed on Thanksgiving in 2021, with Target stating that its decision would be permanent; the small minority of retail chains remaining open on the holiday that year were limited mainly to pharmacies, dollar stores and grocery stores, retail categories that traditionally do not hold doorbusters.^[33]

Black Friday around the world[edit]

United States[edit]

Black Friday is not an official holiday in the United States, but California and some other states observe «The Day After Thanksgiving» as a holiday for state government employees. It is sometimes observed in lieu of another federal holiday, such as Columbus Day. Many non-retail employees and schools have both Thanksgiving and the following Friday off. Along with the following regular week-end, this makes Black Friday weekend a four-day weekend, which is said to increase the number of potential shoppers.

The SouthPark neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina, is the most trafficked area of the United States on Black Friday.^[34][35]

Black Friday is a shopping day for a combination of reasons. As the first day after the last major holiday before Christmas, it marks the unofficial beginning of the Christmas shopping season. Additionally, many employers give their employees the day off as part of the Thanksgiving holiday week-end. In order to take advantage of this, virtually all retailers in the country, big and small, offer various sales including limited amounts of «doorbuster» items to entice traffic.

For many years, it was common for retailers to open at 6 a.m., but in the late 2000s many opened at 4 a.m.–5 a.m. The early 2010s have seen retailers extend beyond normal hours in order to maintain an edge or to simply keep up with the competition. In 2010, Toys ‘R’ Us began their Black Friday sales at 10 p.m. on Thanksgiving and further upped the ante by offering free boxes of Crayola crayons and coloring books for as long as supplies lasted. Other retailers, like Sears, Express, MK, Victoria’s Secret, Zumiez, Tillys, American Eagle Outfitters, Nike, Jordan, Puma, Aéropostale, and Kmart, began Black Friday sales early Thanksgiving morning and ran them through as late as 11 p.m. Friday evening. Forever 21 went in the opposite direction, opening at normal hours on Friday, and running late sales until 2 a.m. Saturday morning.^[36][37] In 2011, when several retailers (including Target, Kohl’s, Macy’s, Best Buy, and Bealls)^[2] opened at midnight for the first time.^[38] In 2012, Walmart and several other retailers announced that they would open most of their stores at 8 p.m. on Thanksgiving, prompting calls for a walkout among some workers.^[39] In 2014, stores such as JCPenney, Best Buy, and Radio Shack opened at 6 a.m. on Thanksgiving while stores such as Target, Walmart, Belk, and Sears opened at 7 p.m. on Thanksgiving.^[40][41] Three states – Rhode Island, Maine, and Massachusetts – prohibit large supermarkets, big box stores, and department stores from opening on Thanksgiving, in what has been referred to as a legacy of blue laws.^[42][43] A bill to allow stores to open on Thanksgiving was the subject of a public hearing on July 8, 2017.^[44]

Historically, it was common for Black Friday sales to extend throughout the following week-end. However, this practice has largely disappeared in recent years, perhaps because of an effort by retailers to create a greater sense of urgency.

The news media usually give heavy play to reports of Black Friday shopping and their implications for the commercial success of the Christmas shopping season, but the relationship between Black Friday sales and retail sales for the full holiday season is quite weak and may even be negative.^[45]

In 2014, spending volume on Black Friday fell for the first time since the 2008 recession. 50.9 billion dollars was spent during the four-day Black Friday week-end, down 11% from the previous year. However, the U.S. economy was not in a recession. Christmas creep has been cited as a factor in the diminishing importance of Black Friday, as many retailers now spread out their promotions over the entire months of November and December rather than concentrate them on a single shopping day or week-end.^[46]

On April 23, 2014, «.blackfriday» joined a growing list of ICANN top-level domains (such as – traditionally – .com, .net, and .org).^[47][48]

In 2015, Neil Stern of McMillan Doolittle said, «Black Friday is quickly losing its meaning on many fronts,» because many stores opened on Thanksgiving, and a lot of sales started even earlier than that. Online shopping also made the day less important.^[49] A Gallup poll in 2012 has shown that only 18% of American adults planned to shop during Black Friday.^[50]

In 2020, an article in Ad Age magazine stated that «an American capitalist tradition … has been on the wane for years as online shopping rises in popularity» but the COVID-19 pandemic, «which has dramatically altered shopping patterns, has seemingly dealt a fatal blow.»^[51]

By 2021, spending during the holiday season was expected to continue to increase, but Black Friday was no longer a single day. It was instead an opportunity for retailers to offer deals during the season as online shopping continued to change consumer behavior. COVID-19 had increased the changes in buyer and retailer moves toward online transactions. Supply chain disruptions caused consumers to buy earlier when they could find items.^[52]

Canada[edit]

The large population centers on Lake Ontario and the Lower Mainland in Canada have always attracted cross-border shopping into the United States, and as Black Friday became more popular in the U.S., Canadians often flocked over the border because of their lower prices and a stronger Canadian dollar. After 2001, many were traveling for the deals across the border. Starting in 2008 and 2009, due to the parity of the Canadian dollar compared with the American dollar, several major Canadian retailers ran Black Friday deals of their own to discourage shoppers from leaving Canada.^[53][54]

The year 2012 saw the biggest Black Friday to date in Canada, as Canadian retailers embraced it in an attempt to keep shoppers from travelling across the border.^[55]

Before the advent of Black Friday in Canada, the most comparable holiday was Boxing Day in terms of retailer impact and consumerism. Black Fridays in the U.S. seem to provide deeper or more extreme price cuts than Canadian retailers, even for the same international retailer.

United Kingdom[edit]

In the United Kingdom, the term «Black Friday» originated within the Police and NHS to refer to the Friday before Christmas. It is the day when emergency services activate contingency plans to cope with the increase in workload due to many people going out drinking on the last Friday before Christmas. Contingencies can include setting up mobile field hospitals near City Centre nightspots.^[56] The term has then been adopted outside those services to refer to the evening and night of the Friday immediately before Christmas, and would now be considered a mainstream term and not simply as jargon of the emergency services.

Traditionally, Boxing Day had been considered the biggest shopping day of the year in the UK. In the 2010s, several American-owned retailers such as Amazon UK and the Walmart-owned chain Asda, began to hold U.S.-style Black Friday promotions; in 2014, more British retailers began to adopt the concept, including Argos, John Lewis, and Very. That year, police forces were called to shops across Britain to deal with crowd control issues, assaults, threatening customers, and traffic issues.^[57][58] In response to incidents at branches of Tesco, Greater Manchester Police’s deputy chief constable Ian Hopkins said shoppers had behaved in an «appalling» fashion, and criticized shops for not making adequate security arrangements to ensure the safety of customers.»^[59] Following these incidents, some retailers began to discontinue or heavily modify their promotions, with Asda stating that it would not hold all of its sales across a single day.^[60][61][62]

In 2016, total spending on online retail sites on Black Friday was £1.23 billion, a 2.2% year-over-year increase over 2015.^[63][64] In 2017, UK retail sales in November grew faster than in December for the first time.^[65][66]

In Welsh, Black Friday is known as ‘Dydd Gwener y Gwario Gwirion’ (Silly Spending Friday).^[67]

Mexico[edit]

In Mexico, Black Friday was the inspiration for the government and retailing industry to create an annual week-end of discounts and extended credit terms, El Buen Fin, meaning «the good weekend» in Spanish.^[68] El Buen Fin has been in existence since 2011 and takes place on November in the week-end prior to the Monday in which the Mexican Revolution holiday is pushed from its original date of November 20, as a result of the measure taken by the government of pushing certain holidays to the Monday of their week in order to avoid the workers and students to make a «larger» week-end (for example, not attending in a Friday after a Thursday holiday, thus making a four-day week-end). On this week-end, major retailers extend their store hours^[69] and offer special promotions, including extended credit terms and price promotions.

Romania[edit]

The concept was imported in Romania by eMAG [ro] and Flanco in 2011 and became bigger each year. The two reported the biggest Black Friday sales in 2014. eMAG sold products worth some 37 million euros while Flanco’s sales totaled 22 million euros. Hundreds of retailers announced their participation in the 2015 campaign.^[70]

In 2015, 11 million Romanians say they have heard about Black Friday which is 73% of the 15 million people target segment. 6.7 million plan on buying something on biggest shopping event of the year in Romania.^[71]

In Romania, Black Friday is two weeks before the US Black Friday.

India[edit]

The holiday shopping season in India has traditionally been aligned around the «festive period» of major festivals usually falling around October, such as Diwali.^[72][73][74] Seeking to emulate U.S.-style shopping events such as Black Friday, online retailers adopted the practice of holding multi-day promotions during this period, such as Amazon’s «Great Indian Festival» and Flipkart’s «Big Billion Days». India’s Independence Day (15 August) had also recently attracted similar events.^[74][75]

Nonetheless, the concept of Black Friday has also been imported into the subcontinent via international retailers–a move that influenced some Indian retailers to also adopt the promotion.^[74][76]

France[edit]

French businesses are slowly introducing the Black Friday custom into the market.^[77] Discounts of up to 85% were given by retailing giants such as Apple and Amazon in 2014.^[78] French electronics retailers such as FNAC and Auchan advertised deals online, while Darty also took part in this once-a-year monster sale. Retailers favored the very American term «Black Friday» to «Vendredi noir» in their advertisements.^[79] In 2016, because of the terror attacks in Paris in November the year before, some retailers used the name «Jour XXL» (XXL day) instead of Black Friday.^[80] An alternative was brought up by some online businesses in 2018, called «French Days»,^[81] which goal is to replicate Black Friday during spring season (starting around the first day of May).

On November 20, 2020, the French government finalized an agreement with e-commerce businesses like Amazon and supermarket chains to postpone Black Friday promotions by a week. Discounted shopping promotions were to begin on December 4 instead, after physical stores shuttered during the COVID-19 pandemic were allowed to reopen.^[82]

Germany[edit]

In Germany, «Black Friday» retailer advertisements refer to «Black Week» and «Black Shopping» in English with sales lasting an entire week (excluding Sundays when most retail stores are closed). During this sales period, stores keep their normal working hours. Although goods are offered at reduced prices, the prices are not cut significantly more than normal weekly price reductions. Apple was the first company to run a special Black Friday campaign for the German market in 2006.^[83] Apple never used the name Black Friday in Germany, but promotes only a «one-day shopping event».^[84] In the first years, mostly internet retailers have used the event as an occasion to attract new customers with discounts, but bricks and mortar stores have already begun to adapt the shopping event. For the first time ever, German customers spent more than €1 billion during the Black Friday week-end in 2016: According to a Centre for Retail Research study, German customers spend around €1.3 billion ($1.54 billion) during the four days from Black Friday to Cyber Monday 2016.^[85]

In Germany the term «Black Friday» was registered as a wordmark in December 2013. The owner is Super Union Holdings Limited, a Chinese company.^[86] The trademark rights were largely revoked by the German Federal Patent Court and the German Federal Court of Justice. The trademark protection has thus essentially lapsed.^[87]

Switzerland[edit]

In 2015, Swiss retailer Manor was the first to launch a special Black Friday promotion. The year after, most Swiss retailers launched special offers during the Black Friday Week. It is estimated that customers spent around 400 million Swiss Francs on Black Friday 2018. In recent years, Singles Day got more and more important in Switzerland. This shopping day could replace Black Friday as the most important shopping day in Switzerland in 2019^[88]

Australia[edit]

In Australia the term is controversial,^[89][90] in Australia Black Friday refers not to shopping at all but to the devastating Black Friday bushfires which occurred in Victoria 1938–39.^{[89][90][91][92]} It wasn’t until the 2010s that it was heavily promoted as a shopping day in Australia by in-store and online retailers, despite backlash and confusion by consumers. In 2011, Online Shopping USA hosted an event on Twitter. Twitter users had to use the hashtag #osublackfriday, which allowed them to follow along and tweet their favourite deals and discounts from stores.^[93] In 2013, Apple extended its Black Friday deals to Australia. Purchasing online gave customers free shipping and free iTunes gift cards with every purchase. The deals were promoted on its website, reading «Official Apple Store – One day Apple shopping event Friday, November 29».^[94] Australia Post’s ShopMate parcel-forwarding service allows Australian customers to purchase products with «Black Friday» deals from the US and get them shipped to Australia. In addition to this, numerous stores in the country run Black Friday promotions in-store and online throughout the country.^[95]

Other countries[edit]

Black Friday started picking up in New Zealand around 2013. In 2015, major retailers such as The Warehouse, Noel Leeming and Harvey Norman offered Black Friday sales,^[96] and by 2018 were joined by Farmers, JB Hi-Fi, Briscoes and Rebel Sport. Paymark, which processes around 75% of New Zealand’s electronic transactions, recorded $219 million NZD (US$151 million) of transactions on Black Friday 2017, up over 10% from the previous year.^[97]

In Norway, Black Friday started as a publicity stunt campaign back in 2010 to increase the sales to the shopping mall Norwegian Outlet. Since the introduction, it has been promoted every year in a larger and growing market all over the country.^[98]

Black Friday is known as Viernes Negro in Costa Rica.^[99] In Panama, Black Friday was first celebrated in 2012, as a move from the Government to attract local tourism to the country’s capital city. During its first year, it was believed to have attracted an inflow of about 35,000 regional tourists according to the government’s immigration census.

In Liechtenstein and Switzerland, Black Friday Sale is a joint sales initiative by hundreds of online vendors. Over its first 24-hour run on November 28, 2013, more than 1.2 million people visited the site, making it the single largest online shopping event in German-speaking countries. There has been growing interest for Black Friday in Poland as well.

2014 marked the introduction in Bolivia,^[100] Colombia, Denmark, Italy, Finland, France,^[101] Ireland,^[102] Lebanon, Nigeria, South Africa and Sweden.^[103]

For the Middle East, U.A.E. Black Friday started as White Friday campaign in 2014. In 2018 local e-commerce platform noon.com created Yellow Friday in the U.A.E. and Saudi Arabia. The Yellow Friday Sale is now an annual event in Saudi Arabia, Iran and the U.A.E., falling around the same time as Black Friday globally.

In 2015, Spain joined with some small retailers. The celebration became more famous year by year, until the big retailers grew.

In the Netherlands, Black Friday was seriously introduced in 2015. Some years before, there were already a number of large and small retailers that used Black Friday in their marketing. However, with a total of 35 participating stores, 2015 can be considered the year in which Black Friday started in the Netherlands due to a more widespread support of large retailers. The popularity of Black Friday has grown rapidly in the Netherlands. The number of participating stores has increased to over 125 during the Black Friday period of 2017. For the 2018 edition, 166 shops joined the largest black Friday platform in the Netherlands.

In 2016, Black Friday was introduced in Poland, Greece, and Ukraine.^[104]

Black Friday in Belgium is seriously marketed by retailers since 2016. Especially online shops have broke sales records during the last edition of Black Friday, which provides a base for further growth of popularity of Black Friday in Belgium. After 2016, Black Friday in Belgium has grown strongly. The participating shops have increased to over seventy during the Black Friday period of 2017. During Black Friday 2018, a total of 119 participating stores were measured in Belgium.

In 2017, Black Friday became widely popular in Latvia. There was even a Black week and Black week-end sales in shopping centres.

Black Friday has been increasingly adopted by stores in Brazil since 2010,^[105] although not without its share of inflated prices and other scams, especially in its earlier years, earning the nickname «Black Fraude«^[106] (Black Fraud) or also «Black Furadei«, which comes from the slang word «furada«, meaning a «jam» or tough situation, usually involving money. It is also common to hear Brazilian people say that prices on Brazilian Black Friday are «half of the double». However, currently, the term «Black Friday» has become so popular in the country that stores have been under closer scrutiny from consumers and cases of known scams have been reduced greatly^{[citation needed]}.

Instances of violence and chaos on Black Friday[edit]

Despite frequent attempts to control the crowds of shoppers, minor injuries are common among the crowds, usually as a result of being pushed or thrown to the ground in small stampedes. While most injuries remain minor, serious injuries and even deliberate violence have taken place on some Black Fridays.

2008

In 2008, a crowd of approximately 2,000 shoppers in Valley Stream, New York, waited outside for the 05:00 opening of the local Walmart. As opening time approached, the crowd grew anxious and when the doors were opened, the crowd pushed forward, breaking the door down, and 34-year-old employee Jdimytai Damour was trampled to death. The shoppers did not appear concerned with the victim’s fate, expressing refusal to halt their stampede when other employees attempted to intervene and help the injured employee, complaining that they had been waiting in the cold and were not willing to wait any longer. Shoppers had begun assembling as early as 21:00 the evening before. Even when police arrived and attempted to render aid to the injured man, shoppers continued to pour in, shoving and pushing the officers as they made their way into the store. Several other people incurred minor injuries, including a pregnant woman who had to be taken to the hospital.^{[107][108][109]} The incident may be the first case of a death occurring during Black Friday sales; according to the National Retail Federation, «We are not aware of any other circumstances where a retail employee has died working on the day after Thanksgiving.»^[107]

On the same day, two people were fatally shot during an altercation at a Toys ‘R’ Us in Palm Desert, California.^[110]

2010

During Black Friday 2010, a Madison, Wisconsin woman was arrested outside of a Toys ‘R’ Us store after cutting in line, and threatening to shoot other shoppers who tried to object.^[111] A Toys for Tots volunteer in Georgia was stabbed by a shoplifter.^[112] An Indianapolis woman was arrested after causing a disturbance by arguing with other Wal-Mart shoppers. She had been asked to leave the store, but refused.^[113]

A man was arrested at a Florida Wal-Mart on drug and weapons charges after other shoppers waiting in line for the store to open noticed he was carrying a handgun and reported it to the police. He was discovered to also be carrying two knives and a pepper spray grenade.^[114] A man in Buffalo, New York, was trampled when doors opened at a Target store and unruly shoppers rushed in, in an episode reminiscent of the deadly 2008 Wal-Mart stampede.^[115]

2011

On Black Friday 2011, a woman at a Porter Ranch, California Walmart used pepper spray on fellow shoppers, causing minor injuries to a reported 20 people who had been waiting hours for the store to open. The incident started as people waited in line for the newly discounted Xbox 360. A witness said a woman with two children in tow became upset with the way people were pushing in line. The witness said she pulled out pepper spray and sprayed the other people in line. Another account stated: «The store had brought out a crate of discounted Xbox 360s, and a crowd had formed to wait for the unwrapping, when the woman began spraying people ‘in order to get an advantage,’ according to the police.^[116] In an incident outside a Walmart store in San Leandro, California, one man was wounded after being shot following Black Friday shopping at about 1:45 a.m.^[117] A 61-year-old pharmacist collapsed and was left for dead by shoppers while being trampled and passed by a stampede. He died soon after from his injuries.^[118]

2012

On Black Friday 2012, two people were shot outside a Wal-Mart in Tallahassee, Florida, during a dispute over a parking space.^[119]

2013

On Black Friday in 2013, a person in Las Vegas who was carrying a big-screen TV home from a Target store on Thanksgiving was shot in the leg as he tried to wrestle the item back from a robber who had just stolen it from him at gunpoint.^[120] In Romeoville, Illinois, a police officer shot a suspected shoplifter driving a car that was dragging a fellow officer at a Kohl’s department store. The suspect and the dragged officer were treated for shoulder injuries. Three people were arrested.^[121] In another situation, a 29-year-old shopper was arrested in a Walmart in New Jersey after arguing with a store manager about a TV and attacking an officer. He was charged with disorderly conduct, aggravated assault, and resisting arrest^[122]

2014

In 2014, three buyers were arrested after a group of five people started fighting at a Kohl’s store in Tustin, California. Two female victims were found with facial lacerations, and one of them was taken to hospital with minor injuries, while the other was released on scene. According to officials, three other females were suspects for the assault and were taken into custody.^[123] Two people were arrested after a brawl on Black Friday at a northwest side mall in Indianapolis. In Los Angeles, two women were fighting at a Walmart in Norwalk, California, over a Barbie doll on Thanksgiving night.^[124]

2015

Several people fighting at a mall in Florence, Kentucky, allegedly over a pair of Air Jordan sneakers. This year was called «The worst Black Friday brawls in history» at that time due to the heavy use of smartphones that could instantly capture video.^[125]

2016

In 2016, 21-year-old Demond Cottman was shot and killed around 01:00 Friday morning outside a Macy’s store in New Jersey. The shooter fired multiple shots, leaving an SUV covered in bullet holes, but the motives remain unclear. Cottman’s 26-year-old brother was also injured.^[126] A shooting at the Wolfchase Galleria Mall in Memphis, Tennessee, left one man injured. Derrick Blackburn, 19, was later arrested for unlawful possession of a weapon.^[127]

In Vancouver, a shirtless man attacked several people using his belt as a whip. The incident occurred outside an Adidas store where a crowd was awaiting the release of a rare shoe.^[128]

2018

At the Riverchase Galleria in Hoover, Alabama, Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr., was shot and killed by a security guard after two people were wounded in a shooting.^[129] On Saturday, the police announced that the shooter was not Bradford, but he was involved in the shooting.^[130][131]

2019

A fight led to a shooting in the food court of the Destiny USA mall in Syracuse, New York.^[132] The mall went into lockdown until shoppers and staff were released starting at about 8:00 P.M. with all shopping activity suspended.^[132] 21-year-old Kyree Truax was arrested and charged with second-degree assault, second-degree criminal possession of a weapon, and second-degree reckless endangerment for shooting the victim twice in the leg.^[133]

Black Friday online[edit]

High traffic challenges for retailers[edit]

Some online stores invest a lot of money in promotional campaigns to generate more sales and drive traffic to their stores. However, they often forget about the high loads their sites are going to experience. According to Retail Gazette, «A number of major retailers’ websites went down as they failed to cope with the surge in Black Friday traffic in 2017 … This just highlights that some retailers have not taken the necessary steps to prepare for Black Friday. Failing to prepare for peak can cause poor performance, site downtime, and ultimately lost revenue for retailers».^[134] Such carelessness results in huge reputational damage. Moreover, The 2017 Veeam Availability Report shows that «Unplanned downtime costs organisations around the world an average of R270m annually, up from the R210m of the previous year».^[135]

Advertising tip sites[edit]

Some websites offer information about day-after-Thanksgiving specials up to a month in advance. The text listings of items and prices are usually accompanied by pictures of the actual ad circulars. These are either leaked by insiders or intentionally released by large retailers to give consumers insight and allow them time to plan.

In recent years, some retailers (including Walmart, Target, OfficeMax, Big Lots, and Staples) have claimed that the advertisements they send in advance of Black Friday and the prices included in those advertisements are copyrighted and are trade secrets. Some of these retailers have used the take-down system of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act as a means to remove the offending price listings.^[136]

The benefit of threatening Internet sites with a DMCA based lawsuit has proved tenuous at best. While some sites have complied with the requests, others have either ignored the threats or simply continued to post the information under the name of a similar-sounding fictional retailer. However, careful timing may mitigate the take-down notice. An Internet service provider in 2003 brought suit against Best Buy, Kohl’s, and Target Corporation, arguing that the take-down notice provisions of the DMCA are unconstitutional. The court dismissed the case, ruling that only the third-party posters of the advertisements, and not the ISP itself, would have standing to sue the retailers.^[137]

Usage of Black Friday Advertising Tip sites and buying direct varies by state in the U.S., influenced in large part by differences in shipping costs and whether a state has a sales tax. However, in recent years, the convenience of online shopping has increased the number of cross-border shoppers seeking bargains from outside of the U.S., especially from Canada. Statistics Canada indicates that online cross-border shopping by Canadians has increased by about 300M a year since 2002.^[138] The complex nature of additional fees such as taxes, duties, and brokerage can make calculating the final cost of cross-border Black Friday deals difficult. Cross-border shopping solutions exist to mitigate the problem through estimation of the various cost involved.

In 2019, Adobe shopping data showed that around 39% of the shopping was done through smartphones.^[139] In 2022, 48% of online sales are made through smartphones, up from 44% in 2021. Meanwhile, consumers spent a record $9.12 billion shopping online during Black Friday this year.^[140]

Cyber Monday[edit]

The term Cyber Monday, a neologism invented in 2005 by the National Retail Federation’s division Shop.org,^[141] refers to the Monday immediately following Black Friday based on a trend that retailers began to recognize in 2003 and 2004. Retailers noticed that many consumers, who were too busy to shop over the Thanksgiving week-end or did not find what they were looking for, shopped for bargains online that Monday from home or work. In 2010, Hitwise reported:

Thanksgiving weekend offered a strong start, especially as Black Friday sales continued to grow in popularity. For the 2nd consecutive year, Black Friday was the highest day for retail traffic during the holiday season, followed by Thanksgiving and Cyber Monday. The highest year-over-year increases in visits took place on Cyber Monday and Black Friday with a growth of 16% and 13%, respectively.^[142]

In 2013, Cyber Monday online sales grew by 18% over the previous year, hitting a record $1.73 billion, with an average order value of $128.^[143]
In 2014, Cyber Monday was the busiest day of the year with sales exceeding $2 billion in desktop online spending, up 17% from the previous year.^[144]

Cyber Week[edit]

As reported in the Forbes «Entrepreneurs» column on December 3, 2013: «Cyber Monday, the online counterpart to Black Friday, has been gaining unprecedented popularity – to the point where Cyber Sales are continuing on throughout the week.»^[145] Peter Greenberg, Travel Editor for CBS News, further advises: «If you want a real deal on Black Friday, stay away from the mall. Black Friday and Cyber Monday are all part of Cyber Week …»^[146]

Retail sales impact[edit]

The National Retail Federation releases figures on the sales for each Thanksgiving week-end.^[147] The Federation’s definition of «Black Friday week-end» includes Thursday, Friday, Saturday and projected spending for Sunday. The survey estimates number of shoppers, not number of people.

The length of the shopping season is not the same across all years: the date for Black Friday varies between November 23 and 29, while Christmas Eve is fixed at December 24.

See also[edit]

These are various day-long events similar to Black Friday around the world or any other events on the same day as Black Friday.

References[edit]

Black Friday
Shoppers rush into a store in Laramie, Wyoming as it opens on Black Friday.
Observed by	Traditionally:[1] United States Others: Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Liechtenstein, Germany, Poland, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, India, Norway, Sweden, France, Brazil, Mexico (as El Buen Fin) and increasingly many other parts of the world.
Type	Commercial
Significance	Popular shopping day
Observances	Shopping
Date	Day after U.S. Thanksgiving
2022 date	November 25
2023 date	November 24
2024 date	November 29
2025 date	November 28
Frequency	Annual
Related to	Thanksgiving, Small Business Saturday, Cyber Monday, Giving Tuesday, Christmas, Buy Nothing Day

Black Friday is a colloquial term for the Friday after Thanksgiving in the United States. It traditionally marks the start of the Christmas shopping season in the United States. Many stores
offer highly promoted sales at discounted prices and often open early, sometimes as early as midnight^[2] or even on Thanksgiving. Some stores’ sales continue to Monday («Cyber Monday») or for a week («Cyber Week»).

Black Friday occurs on the day after Thanksgiving in the United States. Black Friday has routinely been the busiest shopping day of the year in the United States.^[3][4][5]

Etymology[edit]

For centuries, the adjective «black» has been applied to days upon which calamities occurred. Many events have been described as «Black Friday», although the most significant such event in American history was the Panic of 1869, which occurred when financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk took advantage of their connections with the Grant Administration in an attempt to corner the gold market. When President Grant learned of this manipulation, he ordered the Treasury to release a large supply of gold, which halted the run and caused prices to drop by 18%. Fortunes were made and lost in a single day, and the president’s own brother-in-law, Abel Corbin, was ruined.

The earliest known use of «Black Friday» to refer to the day after Thanksgiving occurred in the journal, Factory Management and Maintenance, for November 1951, and again in 1952. Here it referred to the practice of workers calling in sick on the day after Thanksgiving, in order to have a four-day week-end. However, this use does not appear to have caught on. Around the same time, the terms «Black Friday» and «Black Saturday» came to be used by the police in Philadelphia and Rochester to describe the crowds and traffic congestion accompanying the start of the Christmas shopping season. In 1961, the city and merchants of Philadelphia attempted to improve conditions, and a public relations expert recommended rebranding the days «Big Friday» and «Big Saturday,” but these terms were quickly forgotten.^{[6][7][8][9][10][11]}

The use of the phrase spread slowly, first appearing in The New York Times on November 29, 1975, in which it still refers specifically to «the busiest shopping and traffic day of the year» in Philadelphia. Although it soon became more widespread, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported in 1985 that retailers in Cincinnati and Los Angeles were still unaware of the term.^[12]

As the phrase gained national attention in the early 1980s, merchants objecting to the use of a derisive term to refer to one of the most important shopping days of the year suggested an alternative derivation: that retailers traditionally operated at a financial loss for most of the year (January through November) and made their profit during the holiday season, beginning on the day after Thanksgiving.^[6] When this was recorded in the financial records, once-common accounting practices would use red ink to show negative amounts and black ink to show positive amounts. Black Friday, under this theory, is the beginning of the period when retailers would no longer be «in the red,” instead of taking in the year’s profits.^[6][12][13] The earliest known published reference to this explanation occurs in The Philadelphia Inquirer for November 28, 1981.^[14]

Since the early 21st century, there have been attempts by U.S.-based retailers to introduce a retail «Black Friday» to other countries around the world. Retailers outside the US have attempted to promote the day to remain competitive with US-based online retailers.^[15]

In more recent decades, global retailers have adopted the term and date to market their own holiday sales.^[16]

History[edit]

The day after Thanksgiving has been regarded as the beginning of the United States Christmas shopping season since 1952. The practice may be linked with the idea of Santa Claus parades. Parades celebrating Thanksgiving often include an appearance by Santa at the end of the parade, with the idea that «Santa has arrived» or «Santa is just around the corner» because Christmas is always the next major Christian holiday following Thanksgiving.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Santa or Thanksgiving parades were sponsored by department stores. These include the continuing Toronto Santa Claus Parade in Canada since 1905, originally sponsored by Eaton’s, and Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade held in Manhattan, New York City since 1924, sponsored by Macy’s. Department stores would use the parades to launch a big advertising push. Eventually, it became an unwritten rule that no store would try doing Christmas advertising before the parade was over. Therefore, the day after Thanksgiving became the day when the shopping season officially started.

Thanksgiving’s relationship to Christmas shopping led to controversy in the 1930s. Retail stores would have liked to have a longer shopping season, but no store wanted to break with tradition and be the one to start advertising before Thanksgiving. For this reason, in 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued a presidential proclamation proclaiming Thanksgiving to be the fourth Thursday in November rather than the last Thursday, meaning in some years one week earlier, in order to lengthen the Christmas shopping season.^[17] Most people adopted the President’s change, which was later reinforced by an act of Congress, but many continued to celebrate Thanksgiving on the traditional date.^[17] Some started referring to the new date as Franksgiving.

In 2015, Amazon.com was the first to offer «Black Friday in July» deals on what they called «Prime Day», promising better deals than on Black Friday. Amazon repeated the practice in 2016 and 2017, and other companies began offering similar deals.^[18]

Analyst Marshal Cohen of The NPD Group claimed in 2020 that Black Friday is declining in favor of online shopping,^[19] and that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this process. The pandemic also resulted in holiday deals being offered over a longer period of time, even as early as October.^[20] Fewer people shopped in person on Black Friday 2020, and most business took place online. Market research company Numerator said sellers of clothing, tools and other items considered nonessential during lockdowns were not promoted as heavily because lower production meant less available to sell.^[21] Adobe Analytics reported that online sales reached $9 billion in 2020, 22% more than the previous year. Foot traffic to stores fell 48% in 2020 from last year, according to RetailNext, while Sensormatic Solutions reported a 52% decrease.^[22]

«Black Thursday»[edit]

For many years, retailers pushed opening times on Black Friday earlier and earlier, eventually reaching midnight, before opening on the evening of Thanksgiving. In 2009, Kmart manager Freddy Moss opened at 7 P.M. on Thanksgiving in order to allow shoppers to avoid Black Friday traffic and return home in time for dinner with their families. Two years later, a number of retailers began opening at 8 P.M. or 9 P.M., on what became derisively known as «Black Thursday». In subsequent years, other stores have followed this trend, opening earlier and earlier on Thanksgiving, or remaining open all day, beginning in the early morning hours.^[23][24] Some retail and media sources have used the terms «Gray Thursday» or «Brown Thursday» instead.^[25][26][27]

The 2014 «Black Thursday» sales were generally a failure, as overall sales for the holiday week-end fell 11% compared to the previous year despite heavy traffic at the stores on Thanksgiving night.^[28] In response, a number of retailers decided to go back to closing on Thanksgiving for 2015, and Walmart, although its holding firm opening on the holiday and holding its sale, also pledged to offer the same deals online for those who wished to stay home.^[29]

Retailers have received pushback from some consumers over opening on Thanksgiving Day.^[30] Shopper opposition to stores opening on Thursday includes the perceived over-commercialization of Thanksgiving, retail workers not being able to spend time with their loved ones on the holiday,^[31] and Thursday doorbuster sales forcing consumers to sacrifice enjoying Thanksgiving evening with their families in order to avoid missing out on highly sought-after items which might not be available again prior to Christmas.

Most retailers abandoned efforts to hold doorbuster sales on Thanksgiving in 2020; large crowds have been forbidden under most circumstances since March due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, major retailers such as Walmart and Target had already reduced their hours and dropped 24/7 operations in response to the pandemic, and several retailers known for opening on the holiday (particularly Kmart, which has typically been open regular hours) have rapidly declined.^[32] According to Adobe Analytics, online shopping set a record on Thanksgiving 2020 with $5.1 billion in total spending, 21.5% higher than in 2019.^[21] Most major retailers again closed on Thanksgiving in 2021, with Target stating that its decision would be permanent; the small minority of retail chains remaining open on the holiday that year were limited mainly to pharmacies, dollar stores and grocery stores, retail categories that traditionally do not hold doorbusters.^[33]

Black Friday around the world[edit]

United States[edit]

Black Friday is not an official holiday in the United States, but California and some other states observe «The Day After Thanksgiving» as a holiday for state government employees. It is sometimes observed in lieu of another federal holiday, such as Columbus Day. Many non-retail employees and schools have both Thanksgiving and the following Friday off. Along with the following regular week-end, this makes Black Friday weekend a four-day weekend, which is said to increase the number of potential shoppers.

The SouthPark neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina, is the most trafficked area of the United States on Black Friday.^[34][35]

Black Friday is a shopping day for a combination of reasons. As the first day after the last major holiday before Christmas, it marks the unofficial beginning of the Christmas shopping season. Additionally, many employers give their employees the day off as part of the Thanksgiving holiday week-end. In order to take advantage of this, virtually all retailers in the country, big and small, offer various sales including limited amounts of «doorbuster» items to entice traffic.

For many years, it was common for retailers to open at 6 a.m., but in the late 2000s many opened at 4 a.m.–5 a.m. The early 2010s have seen retailers extend beyond normal hours in order to maintain an edge or to simply keep up with the competition. In 2010, Toys ‘R’ Us began their Black Friday sales at 10 p.m. on Thanksgiving and further upped the ante by offering free boxes of Crayola crayons and coloring books for as long as supplies lasted. Other retailers, like Sears, Express, MK, Victoria’s Secret, Zumiez, Tillys, American Eagle Outfitters, Nike, Jordan, Puma, Aéropostale, and Kmart, began Black Friday sales early Thanksgiving morning and ran them through as late as 11 p.m. Friday evening. Forever 21 went in the opposite direction, opening at normal hours on Friday, and running late sales until 2 a.m. Saturday morning.^[36][37] In 2011, when several retailers (including Target, Kohl’s, Macy’s, Best Buy, and Bealls)^[2] opened at midnight for the first time.^[38] In 2012, Walmart and several other retailers announced that they would open most of their stores at 8 p.m. on Thanksgiving, prompting calls for a walkout among some workers.^[39] In 2014, stores such as JCPenney, Best Buy, and Radio Shack opened at 6 a.m. on Thanksgiving while stores such as Target, Walmart, Belk, and Sears opened at 7 p.m. on Thanksgiving.^[40][41] Three states – Rhode Island, Maine, and Massachusetts – prohibit large supermarkets, big box stores, and department stores from opening on Thanksgiving, in what has been referred to as a legacy of blue laws.^[42][43] A bill to allow stores to open on Thanksgiving was the subject of a public hearing on July 8, 2017.^[44]

Historically, it was common for Black Friday sales to extend throughout the following week-end. However, this practice has largely disappeared in recent years, perhaps because of an effort by retailers to create a greater sense of urgency.

The news media usually give heavy play to reports of Black Friday shopping and their implications for the commercial success of the Christmas shopping season, but the relationship between Black Friday sales and retail sales for the full holiday season is quite weak and may even be negative.^[45]

In 2014, spending volume on Black Friday fell for the first time since the 2008 recession. 50.9 billion dollars was spent during the four-day Black Friday week-end, down 11% from the previous year. However, the U.S. economy was not in a recession. Christmas creep has been cited as a factor in the diminishing importance of Black Friday, as many retailers now spread out their promotions over the entire months of November and December rather than concentrate them on a single shopping day or week-end.^[46]

On April 23, 2014, «.blackfriday» joined a growing list of ICANN top-level domains (such as – traditionally – .com, .net, and .org).^[47][48]

In 2015, Neil Stern of McMillan Doolittle said, «Black Friday is quickly losing its meaning on many fronts,» because many stores opened on Thanksgiving, and a lot of sales started even earlier than that. Online shopping also made the day less important.^[49] A Gallup poll in 2012 has shown that only 18% of American adults planned to shop during Black Friday.^[50]

In 2020, an article in Ad Age magazine stated that «an American capitalist tradition … has been on the wane for years as online shopping rises in popularity» but the COVID-19 pandemic, «which has dramatically altered shopping patterns, has seemingly dealt a fatal blow.»^[51]

By 2021, spending during the holiday season was expected to continue to increase, but Black Friday was no longer a single day. It was instead an opportunity for retailers to offer deals during the season as online shopping continued to change consumer behavior. COVID-19 had increased the changes in buyer and retailer moves toward online transactions. Supply chain disruptions caused consumers to buy earlier when they could find items.^[52]

Canada[edit]

The large population centers on Lake Ontario and the Lower Mainland in Canada have always attracted cross-border shopping into the United States, and as Black Friday became more popular in the U.S., Canadians often flocked over the border because of their lower prices and a stronger Canadian dollar. After 2001, many were traveling for the deals across the border. Starting in 2008 and 2009, due to the parity of the Canadian dollar compared with the American dollar, several major Canadian retailers ran Black Friday deals of their own to discourage shoppers from leaving Canada.^[53][54]

The year 2012 saw the biggest Black Friday to date in Canada, as Canadian retailers embraced it in an attempt to keep shoppers from travelling across the border.^[55]

Before the advent of Black Friday in Canada, the most comparable holiday was Boxing Day in terms of retailer impact and consumerism. Black Fridays in the U.S. seem to provide deeper or more extreme price cuts than Canadian retailers, even for the same international retailer.

United Kingdom[edit]

In the United Kingdom, the term «Black Friday» originated within the Police and NHS to refer to the Friday before Christmas. It is the day when emergency services activate contingency plans to cope with the increase in workload due to many people going out drinking on the last Friday before Christmas. Contingencies can include setting up mobile field hospitals near City Centre nightspots.^[56] The term has then been adopted outside those services to refer to the evening and night of the Friday immediately before Christmas, and would now be considered a mainstream term and not simply as jargon of the emergency services.

Traditionally, Boxing Day had been considered the biggest shopping day of the year in the UK. In the 2010s, several American-owned retailers such as Amazon UK and the Walmart-owned chain Asda, began to hold U.S.-style Black Friday promotions; in 2014, more British retailers began to adopt the concept, including Argos, John Lewis, and Very. That year, police forces were called to shops across Britain to deal with crowd control issues, assaults, threatening customers, and traffic issues.^[57][58] In response to incidents at branches of Tesco, Greater Manchester Police’s deputy chief constable Ian Hopkins said shoppers had behaved in an «appalling» fashion, and criticized shops for not making adequate security arrangements to ensure the safety of customers.»^[59] Following these incidents, some retailers began to discontinue or heavily modify their promotions, with Asda stating that it would not hold all of its sales across a single day.^[60][61][62]

In 2016, total spending on online retail sites on Black Friday was £1.23 billion, a 2.2% year-over-year increase over 2015.^[63][64] In 2017, UK retail sales in November grew faster than in December for the first time.^[65][66]

In Welsh, Black Friday is known as ‘Dydd Gwener y Gwario Gwirion’ (Silly Spending Friday).^[67]

Mexico[edit]

In Mexico, Black Friday was the inspiration for the government and retailing industry to create an annual week-end of discounts and extended credit terms, El Buen Fin, meaning «the good weekend» in Spanish.^[68] El Buen Fin has been in existence since 2011 and takes place on November in the week-end prior to the Monday in which the Mexican Revolution holiday is pushed from its original date of November 20, as a result of the measure taken by the government of pushing certain holidays to the Monday of their week in order to avoid the workers and students to make a «larger» week-end (for example, not attending in a Friday after a Thursday holiday, thus making a four-day week-end). On this week-end, major retailers extend their store hours^[69] and offer special promotions, including extended credit terms and price promotions.

Romania[edit]

The concept was imported in Romania by eMAG [ro] and Flanco in 2011 and became bigger each year. The two reported the biggest Black Friday sales in 2014. eMAG sold products worth some 37 million euros while Flanco’s sales totaled 22 million euros. Hundreds of retailers announced their participation in the 2015 campaign.^[70]

In 2015, 11 million Romanians say they have heard about Black Friday which is 73% of the 15 million people target segment. 6.7 million plan on buying something on biggest shopping event of the year in Romania.^[71]

In Romania, Black Friday is two weeks before the US Black Friday.

India[edit]

The holiday shopping season in India has traditionally been aligned around the «festive period» of major festivals usually falling around October, such as Diwali.^[72][73][74] Seeking to emulate U.S.-style shopping events such as Black Friday, online retailers adopted the practice of holding multi-day promotions during this period, such as Amazon’s «Great Indian Festival» and Flipkart’s «Big Billion Days». India’s Independence Day (15 August) had also recently attracted similar events.^[74][75]

Nonetheless, the concept of Black Friday has also been imported into the subcontinent via international retailers–a move that influenced some Indian retailers to also adopt the promotion.^[74][76]

France[edit]

French businesses are slowly introducing the Black Friday custom into the market.^[77] Discounts of up to 85% were given by retailing giants such as Apple and Amazon in 2014.^[78] French electronics retailers such as FNAC and Auchan advertised deals online, while Darty also took part in this once-a-year monster sale. Retailers favored the very American term «Black Friday» to «Vendredi noir» in their advertisements.^[79] In 2016, because of the terror attacks in Paris in November the year before, some retailers used the name «Jour XXL» (XXL day) instead of Black Friday.^[80] An alternative was brought up by some online businesses in 2018, called «French Days»,^[81] which goal is to replicate Black Friday during spring season (starting around the first day of May).

On November 20, 2020, the French government finalized an agreement with e-commerce businesses like Amazon and supermarket chains to postpone Black Friday promotions by a week. Discounted shopping promotions were to begin on December 4 instead, after physical stores shuttered during the COVID-19 pandemic were allowed to reopen.^[82]

Germany[edit]

In Germany, «Black Friday» retailer advertisements refer to «Black Week» and «Black Shopping» in English with sales lasting an entire week (excluding Sundays when most retail stores are closed). During this sales period, stores keep their normal working hours. Although goods are offered at reduced prices, the prices are not cut significantly more than normal weekly price reductions. Apple was the first company to run a special Black Friday campaign for the German market in 2006.^[83] Apple never used the name Black Friday in Germany, but promotes only a «one-day shopping event».^[84] In the first years, mostly internet retailers have used the event as an occasion to attract new customers with discounts, but bricks and mortar stores have already begun to adapt the shopping event. For the first time ever, German customers spent more than €1 billion during the Black Friday week-end in 2016: According to a Centre for Retail Research study, German customers spend around €1.3 billion ($1.54 billion) during the four days from Black Friday to Cyber Monday 2016.^[85]

In Germany the term «Black Friday» was registered as a wordmark in December 2013. The owner is Super Union Holdings Limited, a Chinese company.^[86] The trademark rights were largely revoked by the German Federal Patent Court and the German Federal Court of Justice. The trademark protection has thus essentially lapsed.^[87]

Switzerland[edit]

In 2015, Swiss retailer Manor was the first to launch a special Black Friday promotion. The year after, most Swiss retailers launched special offers during the Black Friday Week. It is estimated that customers spent around 400 million Swiss Francs on Black Friday 2018. In recent years, Singles Day got more and more important in Switzerland. This shopping day could replace Black Friday as the most important shopping day in Switzerland in 2019^[88]

Australia[edit]

In Australia the term is controversial,^[89][90] in Australia Black Friday refers not to shopping at all but to the devastating Black Friday bushfires which occurred in Victoria 1938–39.^{[89][90][91][92]} It wasn’t until the 2010s that it was heavily promoted as a shopping day in Australia by in-store and online retailers, despite backlash and confusion by consumers. In 2011, Online Shopping USA hosted an event on Twitter. Twitter users had to use the hashtag #osublackfriday, which allowed them to follow along and tweet their favourite deals and discounts from stores.^[93] In 2013, Apple extended its Black Friday deals to Australia. Purchasing online gave customers free shipping and free iTunes gift cards with every purchase. The deals were promoted on its website, reading «Official Apple Store – One day Apple shopping event Friday, November 29».^[94] Australia Post’s ShopMate parcel-forwarding service allows Australian customers to purchase products with «Black Friday» deals from the US and get them shipped to Australia. In addition to this, numerous stores in the country run Black Friday promotions in-store and online throughout the country.^[95]

Other countries[edit]

Black Friday started picking up in New Zealand around 2013. In 2015, major retailers such as The Warehouse, Noel Leeming and Harvey Norman offered Black Friday sales,^[96] and by 2018 were joined by Farmers, JB Hi-Fi, Briscoes and Rebel Sport. Paymark, which processes around 75% of New Zealand’s electronic transactions, recorded $219 million NZD (US$151 million) of transactions on Black Friday 2017, up over 10% from the previous year.^[97]

In Norway, Black Friday started as a publicity stunt campaign back in 2010 to increase the sales to the shopping mall Norwegian Outlet. Since the introduction, it has been promoted every year in a larger and growing market all over the country.^[98]

Black Friday is known as Viernes Negro in Costa Rica.^[99] In Panama, Black Friday was first celebrated in 2012, as a move from the Government to attract local tourism to the country’s capital city. During its first year, it was believed to have attracted an inflow of about 35,000 regional tourists according to the government’s immigration census.

In Liechtenstein and Switzerland, Black Friday Sale is a joint sales initiative by hundreds of online vendors. Over its first 24-hour run on November 28, 2013, more than 1.2 million people visited the site, making it the single largest online shopping event in German-speaking countries. There has been growing interest for Black Friday in Poland as well.

2014 marked the introduction in Bolivia,^[100] Colombia, Denmark, Italy, Finland, France,^[101] Ireland,^[102] Lebanon, Nigeria, South Africa and Sweden.^[103]

For the Middle East, U.A.E. Black Friday started as White Friday campaign in 2014. In 2018 local e-commerce platform noon.com created Yellow Friday in the U.A.E. and Saudi Arabia. The Yellow Friday Sale is now an annual event in Saudi Arabia, Iran and the U.A.E., falling around the same time as Black Friday globally.

In 2015, Spain joined with some small retailers. The celebration became more famous year by year, until the big retailers grew.

In the Netherlands, Black Friday was seriously introduced in 2015. Some years before, there were already a number of large and small retailers that used Black Friday in their marketing. However, with a total of 35 participating stores, 2015 can be considered the year in which Black Friday started in the Netherlands due to a more widespread support of large retailers. The popularity of Black Friday has grown rapidly in the Netherlands. The number of participating stores has increased to over 125 during the Black Friday period of 2017. For the 2018 edition, 166 shops joined the largest black Friday platform in the Netherlands.

In 2016, Black Friday was introduced in Poland, Greece, and Ukraine.^[104]

Black Friday in Belgium is seriously marketed by retailers since 2016. Especially online shops have broke sales records during the last edition of Black Friday, which provides a base for further growth of popularity of Black Friday in Belgium. After 2016, Black Friday in Belgium has grown strongly. The participating shops have increased to over seventy during the Black Friday period of 2017. During Black Friday 2018, a total of 119 participating stores were measured in Belgium.

In 2017, Black Friday became widely popular in Latvia. There was even a Black week and Black week-end sales in shopping centres.

Black Friday has been increasingly adopted by stores in Brazil since 2010,^[105] although not without its share of inflated prices and other scams, especially in its earlier years, earning the nickname «Black Fraude«^[106] (Black Fraud) or also «Black Furadei«, which comes from the slang word «furada«, meaning a «jam» or tough situation, usually involving money. It is also common to hear Brazilian people say that prices on Brazilian Black Friday are «half of the double». However, currently, the term «Black Friday» has become so popular in the country that stores have been under closer scrutiny from consumers and cases of known scams have been reduced greatly^{[citation needed]}.

Instances of violence and chaos on Black Friday[edit]

Despite frequent attempts to control the crowds of shoppers, minor injuries are common among the crowds, usually as a result of being pushed or thrown to the ground in small stampedes. While most injuries remain minor, serious injuries and even deliberate violence have taken place on some Black Fridays.

2008

In 2008, a crowd of approximately 2,000 shoppers in Valley Stream, New York, waited outside for the 05:00 opening of the local Walmart. As opening time approached, the crowd grew anxious and when the doors were opened, the crowd pushed forward, breaking the door down, and 34-year-old employee Jdimytai Damour was trampled to death. The shoppers did not appear concerned with the victim’s fate, expressing refusal to halt their stampede when other employees attempted to intervene and help the injured employee, complaining that they had been waiting in the cold and were not willing to wait any longer. Shoppers had begun assembling as early as 21:00 the evening before. Even when police arrived and attempted to render aid to the injured man, shoppers continued to pour in, shoving and pushing the officers as they made their way into the store. Several other people incurred minor injuries, including a pregnant woman who had to be taken to the hospital.^{[107][108][109]} The incident may be the first case of a death occurring during Black Friday sales; according to the National Retail Federation, «We are not aware of any other circumstances where a retail employee has died working on the day after Thanksgiving.»^[107]

On the same day, two people were fatally shot during an altercation at a Toys ‘R’ Us in Palm Desert, California.^[110]

2010

During Black Friday 2010, a Madison, Wisconsin woman was arrested outside of a Toys ‘R’ Us store after cutting in line, and threatening to shoot other shoppers who tried to object.^[111] A Toys for Tots volunteer in Georgia was stabbed by a shoplifter.^[112] An Indianapolis woman was arrested after causing a disturbance by arguing with other Wal-Mart shoppers. She had been asked to leave the store, but refused.^[113]

A man was arrested at a Florida Wal-Mart on drug and weapons charges after other shoppers waiting in line for the store to open noticed he was carrying a handgun and reported it to the police. He was discovered to also be carrying two knives and a pepper spray grenade.^[114] A man in Buffalo, New York, was trampled when doors opened at a Target store and unruly shoppers rushed in, in an episode reminiscent of the deadly 2008 Wal-Mart stampede.^[115]

2011

On Black Friday 2011, a woman at a Porter Ranch, California Walmart used pepper spray on fellow shoppers, causing minor injuries to a reported 20 people who had been waiting hours for the store to open. The incident started as people waited in line for the newly discounted Xbox 360. A witness said a woman with two children in tow became upset with the way people were pushing in line. The witness said she pulled out pepper spray and sprayed the other people in line. Another account stated: «The store had brought out a crate of discounted Xbox 360s, and a crowd had formed to wait for the unwrapping, when the woman began spraying people ‘in order to get an advantage,’ according to the police.^[116] In an incident outside a Walmart store in San Leandro, California, one man was wounded after being shot following Black Friday shopping at about 1:45 a.m.^[117] A 61-year-old pharmacist collapsed and was left for dead by shoppers while being trampled and passed by a stampede. He died soon after from his injuries.^[118]

2012

On Black Friday 2012, two people were shot outside a Wal-Mart in Tallahassee, Florida, during a dispute over a parking space.^[119]

2013

On Black Friday in 2013, a person in Las Vegas who was carrying a big-screen TV home from a Target store on Thanksgiving was shot in the leg as he tried to wrestle the item back from a robber who had just stolen it from him at gunpoint.^[120] In Romeoville, Illinois, a police officer shot a suspected shoplifter driving a car that was dragging a fellow officer at a Kohl’s department store. The suspect and the dragged officer were treated for shoulder injuries. Three people were arrested.^[121] In another situation, a 29-year-old shopper was arrested in a Walmart in New Jersey after arguing with a store manager about a TV and attacking an officer. He was charged with disorderly conduct, aggravated assault, and resisting arrest^[122]

2014

In 2014, three buyers were arrested after a group of five people started fighting at a Kohl’s store in Tustin, California. Two female victims were found with facial lacerations, and one of them was taken to hospital with minor injuries, while the other was released on scene. According to officials, three other females were suspects for the assault and were taken into custody.^[123] Two people were arrested after a brawl on Black Friday at a northwest side mall in Indianapolis. In Los Angeles, two women were fighting at a Walmart in Norwalk, California, over a Barbie doll on Thanksgiving night.^[124]

2015

Several people fighting at a mall in Florence, Kentucky, allegedly over a pair of Air Jordan sneakers. This year was called «The worst Black Friday brawls in history» at that time due to the heavy use of smartphones that could instantly capture video.^[125]

2016

In 2016, 21-year-old Demond Cottman was shot and killed around 01:00 Friday morning outside a Macy’s store in New Jersey. The shooter fired multiple shots, leaving an SUV covered in bullet holes, but the motives remain unclear. Cottman’s 26-year-old brother was also injured.^[126] A shooting at the Wolfchase Galleria Mall in Memphis, Tennessee, left one man injured. Derrick Blackburn, 19, was later arrested for unlawful possession of a weapon.^[127]

In Vancouver, a shirtless man attacked several people using his belt as a whip. The incident occurred outside an Adidas store where a crowd was awaiting the release of a rare shoe.^[128]

2018

At the Riverchase Galleria in Hoover, Alabama, Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr., was shot and killed by a security guard after two people were wounded in a shooting.^[129] On Saturday, the police announced that the shooter was not Bradford, but he was involved in the shooting.^[130][131]

2019

A fight led to a shooting in the food court of the Destiny USA mall in Syracuse, New York.^[132] The mall went into lockdown until shoppers and staff were released starting at about 8:00 P.M. with all shopping activity suspended.^[132] 21-year-old Kyree Truax was arrested and charged with second-degree assault, second-degree criminal possession of a weapon, and second-degree reckless endangerment for shooting the victim twice in the leg.^[133]

Black Friday online[edit]

High traffic challenges for retailers[edit]

Some online stores invest a lot of money in promotional campaigns to generate more sales and drive traffic to their stores. However, they often forget about the high loads their sites are going to experience. According to Retail Gazette, «A number of major retailers’ websites went down as they failed to cope with the surge in Black Friday traffic in 2017 … This just highlights that some retailers have not taken the necessary steps to prepare for Black Friday. Failing to prepare for peak can cause poor performance, site downtime, and ultimately lost revenue for retailers».^[134] Such carelessness results in huge reputational damage. Moreover, The 2017 Veeam Availability Report shows that «Unplanned downtime costs organisations around the world an average of R270m annually, up from the R210m of the previous year».^[135]

Advertising tip sites[edit]

Some websites offer information about day-after-Thanksgiving specials up to a month in advance. The text listings of items and prices are usually accompanied by pictures of the actual ad circulars. These are either leaked by insiders or intentionally released by large retailers to give consumers insight and allow them time to plan.

In recent years, some retailers (including Walmart, Target, OfficeMax, Big Lots, and Staples) have claimed that the advertisements they send in advance of Black Friday and the prices included in those advertisements are copyrighted and are trade secrets. Some of these retailers have used the take-down system of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act as a means to remove the offending price listings.^[136]

The benefit of threatening Internet sites with a DMCA based lawsuit has proved tenuous at best. While some sites have complied with the requests, others have either ignored the threats or simply continued to post the information under the name of a similar-sounding fictional retailer. However, careful timing may mitigate the take-down notice. An Internet service provider in 2003 brought suit against Best Buy, Kohl’s, and Target Corporation, arguing that the take-down notice provisions of the DMCA are unconstitutional. The court dismissed the case, ruling that only the third-party posters of the advertisements, and not the ISP itself, would have standing to sue the retailers.^[137]

Usage of Black Friday Advertising Tip sites and buying direct varies by state in the U.S., influenced in large part by differences in shipping costs and whether a state has a sales tax. However, in recent years, the convenience of online shopping has increased the number of cross-border shoppers seeking bargains from outside of the U.S., especially from Canada. Statistics Canada indicates that online cross-border shopping by Canadians has increased by about 300M a year since 2002.^[138] The complex nature of additional fees such as taxes, duties, and brokerage can make calculating the final cost of cross-border Black Friday deals difficult. Cross-border shopping solutions exist to mitigate the problem through estimation of the various cost involved.

In 2019, Adobe shopping data showed that around 39% of the shopping was done through smartphones.^[139] In 2022, 48% of online sales are made through smartphones, up from 44% in 2021. Meanwhile, consumers spent a record $9.12 billion shopping online during Black Friday this year.^[140]

Cyber Monday[edit]

The term Cyber Monday, a neologism invented in 2005 by the National Retail Federation’s division Shop.org,^[141] refers to the Monday immediately following Black Friday based on a trend that retailers began to recognize in 2003 and 2004. Retailers noticed that many consumers, who were too busy to shop over the Thanksgiving week-end or did not find what they were looking for, shopped for bargains online that Monday from home or work. In 2010, Hitwise reported:

Thanksgiving weekend offered a strong start, especially as Black Friday sales continued to grow in popularity. For the 2nd consecutive year, Black Friday was the highest day for retail traffic during the holiday season, followed by Thanksgiving and Cyber Monday. The highest year-over-year increases in visits took place on Cyber Monday and Black Friday with a growth of 16% and 13%, respectively.^[142]

In 2013, Cyber Monday online sales grew by 18% over the previous year, hitting a record $1.73 billion, with an average order value of $128.^[143]
In 2014, Cyber Monday was the busiest day of the year with sales exceeding $2 billion in desktop online spending, up 17% from the previous year.^[144]

Cyber Week[edit]

As reported in the Forbes «Entrepreneurs» column on December 3, 2013: «Cyber Monday, the online counterpart to Black Friday, has been gaining unprecedented popularity – to the point where Cyber Sales are continuing on throughout the week.»^[145] Peter Greenberg, Travel Editor for CBS News, further advises: «If you want a real deal on Black Friday, stay away from the mall. Black Friday and Cyber Monday are all part of Cyber Week …»^[146]

Retail sales impact[edit]

The National Retail Federation releases figures on the sales for each Thanksgiving week-end.^[147] The Federation’s definition of «Black Friday week-end» includes Thursday, Friday, Saturday and projected spending for Sunday. The survey estimates number of shoppers, not number of people.

The length of the shopping season is not the same across all years: the date for Black Friday varies between November 23 and 29, while Christmas Eve is fixed at December 24.

See also[edit]

These are various day-long events similar to Black Friday around the world or any other events on the same day as Black Friday.

References[edit]

Чёрная пятница является неофициальным названием пятничного дня, следующего за Днём Благодарения в Соединенных Штатах. Это государственный праздник в более чем 20 штатах этой страны, и считается началом сезона рождественских покупок в США. Прочитав статью, вы узнаете про историю праздника, а также как он проходит в настоящее время.

1. Чёрная пятница — государственный праздник в 20 штатах США

Чёрная пятница (Blacker Friday) — это следующий за Днём Благодарения день. Она является государственным праздником в более чем 20 штатах США. В этих штатах предприятия могут быть закрыты. Системы общественного транспорта могут работать не по своему обычному графику. Некоторые магазины продлевают часы работы в Чёрную пятницу. На дорогах, ведущих к популярным торговым местам, также могут быть пробки. Даже там, где Чёрная пятница не является государственным праздником, многие люди берут выходной или используют день из своей квоты ежегодного отпуска…

Поскольку празднование Дня Благодарения в США проходит в четвёртый четверг ноября, то Чёрная пятница — 4-ая пятница месяца. В США и во всем мире Чёрная пятница в 2019 году придётся на 29 ноября. На следующий 2020 год она попадает на 27 ноября, в 2021 году — 26 ноября, в 2022 году — 25 ноября, в 2023 году — 24 ноября, в 2024 году — 29 ноября, в 2025 году — 28 ноября…

2. Какую историю имеет Чёрная пятница в США?

Начало Чёрной пятнице было положено в 19 веке. В 1869 году на следующий день после Дня Благодарения спекулянтами Джей Гулдом и Джеймс Фиксом был организован спад цен на золото. Последовал обвал фондового рынка, когда цены упали на 20%. Падение цен на золото привело к резкому падению цен на сырьевые товары на 50%. Коррупция в Таммани-холле позволила Гулду и Фиску скрыться без наказания.

В первой половине 20 века некоторые крупные универмаги в Канаде, а затем и в США, стали во время парада на День Благодарения, проводить рекламирование своей Рождественской продукции. Это на следующий день увеличивало приток покупателей. У ритейлеров было джентльменское соглашение не рекламировать праздничные распродажи до этого дня.

В 1941 году конгрессом США День Благодарения окончательно был утверждён на четвёртый четверг ноября, а следующая за ним пятница стала днём начала рождественских распродаж. О Дне Благодарения в США вы можете прочитать здесь:

Читать статью: «День благодарения в США»

Начиная с 1966 года в средствах массой информации США стал употребляться термин «Чёрная пятница», который характеризовался давками в магазинах и пробками на дорогах.

Сначала Чёрная пятница была однодневным событием в Соединенных Штатах. Однако в последние десятилетия мероприятие переросло в торговый марафон, который длится уже несколько дней.
Он может иногда начинаться с четверга и заканчиваться в конце недели или месяца. Пик торговли приходится всегда на пятницу.

3. Как в США проходит Чёрная пятница?

Чёрная пятница в конце ноября играет важную роль не только с точки зрения оборота электронной коммерции, но и активности покупателей. С начала ноября малый и средний бизнес, а также крупные игроки на рынке начинают подготовку к «Черной пятнице». Они объявляют об огромных распродажах, которые состоятся в конце ноября, как в онлайн-магазинах, так и в обычных магазинах.

Во время Чёрной пятницы средний американец покупает 4 продукта. Американцы тратят около $ 485 на человека, в обычных и интернет-магазинах. Покупатели выстраиваются в очередь за пределами своих любимых магазинов рано утром, чтобы забрать первыми товары по выгодной цене.

Как ни странно, торговцы утверждают, что речь идёт не о громадной прибыли из-за большого количества продаж. Просто раз в году, в Чёрную пятницу, магазины показывают лояльность к своим покупателям, предлагая им высокий уровень скидок на товары отличного качества.

Некоторые люди используют эти 4-дневный праздник для поездок, чтобы увидеть членов семьи или друзей, которые живут в других районах или поехать в отпуск.

4. Отмечают ли Черную пятницу в других странах?

В США Чёрная пятница всегда была привязана к концу Дня Благодарения. А как насчет других стран, которые даже не празднуют День Благодарения? Участвуют ли они в безумии Черной пятницы? Оказалось, что понятие массовых продаж  привлекательно для ритейлеров и на международном уровне.

Почти 20 различных стран в настоящее время устраивают собственную продажу в Чёрную пятницу. Канада, Великобритания, Мексика, Австралия, Новая Зеландия, Китай, Япония, Россия, Индия и Пакистан проводят Чёрную пятницу у себя.

Таким образом Чёрная пятница стала самым грандиозным торговым днём в мире. В этот день можно найти огромные распродажи, доступные, как в интернет-магазинах, так и в торговых центрах. Интернет-магазины часто снижают цены по всему своему ассортименту. В день Чёрной пятницы можно найти иногда снижение цен до 70%. Те, кто совершает интернет-покупки, также могут получить бесплатную доставку.

Заметим, что следующий за Чёрной пятницей понедельник известен, как Киберпонедельник. Маркетинговая акция в этот день для интернет-магазинов, эквивалентная Чёрной пятнице. Помимо этого праздника 11 ноября проходит Всемирный день шоппинга, который запустили китайцы в «День холостяка». Вы можете прочитать об этом дне, перейдя по ссылке:

Читать статью: «День одиночек или День холостяков в Китае»

Вот такой праздник «Чёрная пятница» имеется в США и других странах мира! Читайте также:

Главные праздники США

Праздники и фестивали разных стран мира

Уважаемые читатели! Пишите комментарии! Читайте статьи на сайте «Мир праздников»!

Разница между Черной пятницей и днем ​​подарков

*Партнерский материал

Именно в этот день, в четвертую пятницу ноября, во многих магазинах стартуют умопомрачительные распродажи и даются самые невероятные скидки, доходящие порой до 90%. Черная пятница 2018 года выпадает на 23 ноября.

Почему же пятница черная? Откуда взялось такое мрачное название и вообще идея таких распродаж? Доподлинно неизвестно. Существует несколько правдоподобных версий. Но все следы ведут в США, в далекий XIX век.

Впервые черной пятницей послужило начало финансового кризиса

Черная пятница. Иллюстрация 1892 года.

Два ушлых финансиста с Уолл-стрит, Джим Фиск (один из основателей Бродвея) и Джей Гулд (бывший владелец Western Union), решили скупить все золото на биржах, чтобы впоследствии при его продаже получить запредельную прибыль. Но их план был раскрыт, и когда цена на золото достигла пика, президент Улисс Грант распорядился выставить на торги значительную долю государственного золота. Рынок обрушился, многие биржевики разорились, в их числе был и Фиск. Гулду повезло: он успел продать свое золото.

Случилось это 24 сентября 1869 года, и этот день получил название «Черной пятницы». Последствия этого кризиса экономика США смогла преодолеть только спустя несколько месяцев.

Продавец-неудачник придумал скидки и заработал миллионы

Магазин Вулворт.

Примерно в то же время появились первые продавцы, которые стали давать большие скидки на товары перед рождественскими праздниками. Американцы тратили на подарки очень много денег, поэтому перед Рождеством торговля всегда была особенно выгодной.

Отцом рождественских распродаж считается Фрэнк Вулворт. В 1873 году ему был 21 год и он работал помощником продавца в одном из магазинов в Пенсильвании. Работал не очень успешно, поскольку его уже несколько раз грозились выгнать. Тогда Вулворт выложил на прилавок весь залежавшийся товар и поставил рядом табличку «Всё по 5 центов». Товар был моментально раскуплен, а выручка магазина за тот день выросла в 6 раз.

Вулворт понял, что нужно делать. Он открыл собственный магазин, который через 5 лет вырос в одну из крупнейших розничных сетей, названной именем владельца — Woolworth’s. Все товары в этих магазинах продавались по 5 или 10 центов, и регулярно устраивались распродажи.

В 1913 году Вулворт открыл в Нью-Йорке штаб-квартиру компании, 57-этажный небоскреб Вулворт-билдинг, который обошелся ему в 14 миллионов долларов и до 1930-х годов был самым высоким зданием мира.

Черная пятница неразрывно связана с Днем Благодарения

День Благодарения в США отмечается в четвертый четверг ноября. Это государственный праздник и официальный выходной. Поскольку никто не хотел выходить на работу в пятницу после праздника, многие работники брали в этот день отгул или внезапно «заболевали». Поэтому черной пятницей стали называть день, в который никто не хотел работать. Для работодателей это был поистине «черный день».

В это же день стартовали рождественские продажи, и многие американцы, конечно, предпочитали потратить этот день на шопинг.

В 1966 году полиция США назвала такой день черным потому, что толпы людей и машин заполоняют улицы, и приходится усиливать контроль.

Согласно еще одной версии, цвет этой пятницы связан с бухгалтерской традицией отмечать прибыль черным цветом, а убыток — красным.

Если бы не Рузвельт, то Черная пятница в 2018 году была бы не 23-го, а 30 ноября

Монумент Франклину Рузвельту в США.

С 1864 года День Благодарения в США отмечался в последний четверг ноября — он мог быть 4-м или 5-м по счету. В 1939 году «День индейки» выпал на пятый четверг. Продолжалась Великая Депрессия, экономика еще не восстановилась полностью. А тут еще и сезон рождественских продаж сократился (вы ведь помните, что они стартовали сразу после праздника).

Тогда ассоциация розничных продавцов обратилась к президенту Франклину Рузвельту с просьбой закрепить за праздником четвертый четверг месяца. Президент пошел навстречу и издал соответствующий указ. Так день Благодарения получил второе имя — день Франкодарения (Franksgiving).

Черная пятница стала национальным праздником, в котором участвуют больше половины американцев

Черная пятница в США 2013 года.

В 1980-е годы ретейлеры решили придать выражению более позитивный смысл. Так появилась Черная пятница в том виде, к которому мы все привыкли. Предпринимались попытки назвать это день «Большой пятницей», чтобы избавиться от негативного подтекста, но безуспешно.

Со временем Черная пятница после дня Благодарения превратилась в большой национальный праздник, распространившийся по всему миру. Магазины в этот день открываются все раньше и раньше, кто-то в 4 или 5 утра, кто-то — в полночь, а кто-то прямо в четверг.

Поэтому самые отчаянные шопоголики спешат в магазины либо сразу после праздничной трапезы, либо вместо нее.
Успеху Черной пятницы способствовали несколько обстоятельств. Во-первых, конец ноября — самое время задуматься о подарках к Рождеству и в то же время еще есть время, чтобы заказать что-то онлайн и успеть получить доставку вовремя. Во-вторых, пятница между праздничным днем и выходным — самое удачное время, чтобы потратить его на шопинг. Более половины американцев участвуют в этом скидочном безумии.

Черная пятница нередко оправдывает свое название: В войне за скидки пострадало немало человек

Скидки — отличный способ магазинам привлечь покупателей и поставить годовой рекорд по прибыли. Вопреки распространенному мнению, по сниженным ценам продается не только непопулярный товар, но и вполне популярный, и даже новинки.

Обычно товары сметаются с прилавков в считанные минуты. Чтобы подогреть интерес и создать ажиотаж, магазины выставляют по привлекательной цене ограниченную партию, поэтому, как говорится, кто успел, тот и съел. Возникает немало курьезных случаев, о которых рассказывают покупатели.

Один мужчина три ночи провел у входа в Wal-Mart, с палаткой, термосом и бутербродами, надеясь купить плазменный телевизор. Когда двери открылись, он вбежал в магазин одним из первых. Однако, пока он добрался до отдела с телевизорами, все 15 штук уже расхватали более предприимчивые соперники: они вошли в двери, которые были расположены ближе к отделу и открылись на 10 секунд раньше.

В погоне за выгодой покупатели не гнушаются ничем. Подраться из-за последнего экземпляра товара? Легко! Брызнуть перцовым баллончиком в лицо соперникам? Пожалуйста! Вырвать коробку из рук того, кому повезло больше? Без колебаний! Вспоминают случай, когда две старушки рассорились из-за обычного 10-долларового калькулятора, продававшегося с 50%-ной скидкой.

Случались и более серьезные происшествия, закончившиеся травмами или даже смертью покупателей или сотрудников магазинов.

А что у нас?

Традицию черной пятницы подхватили по всему миру, в начале 2010-х годов пришла она и в Россию.

К счастью, в нашей стране Черная пятница не имеет таких разрушительных последствий, как в США. Россия взяла только самое приятное: только скидки, только распродажа. Да и проходит она в основном в интернете: не нужно разбивать лагерь у магазина и драться за последний товар. Самые приятные скидки тоже можно получить при покупке в интернете — например, если применить купон Ситилинк.

Согласно результатам исследований розничных сетей, выгоднее всего в этот день покупать электронику и бытовую технику. А сэкономить еще больше поможет промокод Эльдорадо. Никто не помешает нам насладиться скидками и приятными покупками не выходя из дома.

Кстати, Роспотребнадзор предупредил, что введение покупателей в заблуждение недопустимо. Продавец обязан четко и понятно формулировать условия приобретения товаров по акции.

Часто бывает, что поддавшись ажиотажу, вы купите что-то, а на следующий день поймете, что вам это совсем не нужно. В этом случае, даже если вы приобрели товар со значительной скидкой, у вас остается право в течение 14 дней, не считая дня покупки, вернуть не понравившийся, не подошедший или неисправный товар обратно.

«Черная пятница 2018» продлится в течение трех дней, включая выходные, а в некоторых магазинах и всю неделю. Однако поспешить все равно стоит: самые привлекательные предложения заканчиваются в первую очередь. Никто не даст гарантии, что нужный товар не уведут у вас из-под носа. Больше половины россиян уже считают часы до начала распродаж.

Понравилась статья? Тогда поддержи нас, жми:

Хотя финансовые учреждения и магазины по всей стране всегда закрыты в День благодарения, этого нельзя сказать о Черной пятнице. Черная пятница — это день после Дня Благодарения, и это всегда один из самых оживленных дней для покупок в году. Даже если вы собираетесь делать большую часть или все покупки в Черную пятницу в Интернете, а не в магазинах, вас может беспокоить, сможете ли вы физически посетить свой банк. Следовательно, важно понимать, открыты ли банки в Черную пятницу или нет. Но не волнуйтесь, вы уже здесь, все, что вам нужно, это просто прочитать это до конца. 

Черная пятница

Миллионы людей во всем мире теперь включают день после Дня Благодарения, известный как «Черная пятница», в свои празднования Дня Благодарения, так как это сигнализирует о начале сезона рождественских покупок и безумного шоппинга, полного скидок и бесплатных подарков.

Однако Черная пятница не является государственным праздником. Несмотря на то, что в последние годы он был опасно близок к тому, чтобы стать таковым, это не федеральный праздник.

В результате предприятия обычно не закрываются в течение дня, а федеральные службы, такие как школы, почта и общественные парки, будут работать в обычном режиме. Хотя большинство банков будут закрыты в День благодарения, в Черную пятницу они будут работать как обычно.

Открыты ли банки в Черную пятницу 2022 г.

Черная пятница не является федеральным праздником, хотя многие считают ее отдельным праздником. Таким образом, большинство банков с автономными физическими объектами будут открыты в пятницу, в отличие от настоящего праздничного дня. Однако вполне вероятно, что эти банки сократили часы работы. Таким образом, вы можете заранее узнать часы работы в местных отделениях.

Еще одна вещь, о которой следует помнить, это то, что день, следующий за Днем Благодарения, считается государственным праздником почти в половине штатов США по разным причинам. Это не обязательно в память о Черной пятнице. В одном штате, Индиана, день рождения Авраама Линкольна отмечается на следующий день после Дня Благодарения, а в другом, Невада, в тот же день отмечается День семьи. В результате некоторые соседние банки и кредитные союзы в этих штатах могут закрыться. Кроме того, в связи с закрытием этих предприятий также могут быть закрыты банковские отделения, расположенные в других учреждениях, например, в супермаркетах и ​​на территории колледжей.

На следующий день после Дня благодарения в штатах, перечисленных в таблице ниже, является государственным праздником. Если вы проживаете в одном из этих штатов, позвоните в ближайшее к вам отделение или проверьте веб-сайт банка, прежде чем отправиться туда в этот конкретный день.

Штаты, которые считают Черную пятницу праздником

• Калифорния
• Флорида
• Иллинойс
• Канзас
• Теннесси
• Техас
• Виргиния
• Делавэр
• Айова
• Северная Каролина
• Оклахома
• Пенсильвания
• Кентукки
• ЛуизианаНевада
• Небраска
• Мичиган
• Миннесота
• Нью-Гемпшир
• Мэн
• Южная Каролина
• Западная Виргиния

Банки Credit Union открыты в Черную пятницу?

Несмотря на то, что Черная пятница не является выходным днем, признанным на федеральном уровне, некоторые финансовые учреждения будут закрыты в этот день. Сюда могут входить следующие кредитные союзы, 

• Единый финансово-кредитный союз
• Кредитный союз Горизонт
• Кредитный Союз Мобилойл
• Члены Кредитного Союза
• Подпись Федерального кредитного союза
• Кредитный союз учителей
• Кредитный союз Вирджинии
• Добро пожаловать Федеральный кредитный союз

Банки, которые работают в Черную пятницу

Вы можете расслабиться, зная, что если вам нужно провести какие-либо банковские операции в Черную пятницу, следующие банки будут открыты 26 ноября. Если в вашем штате праздничный день в понедельник после Дня Благодарения, убедитесь, что отделение вашего местного банка открыто.

• Американский Национальный Банк
• Америс Банк
• погоня
• Банк Америки
• Citibank
• Банк Запада
• BBVA Bank
• Wells Fargo
• BB&T
• Банк США
• БМО Харрис
• Capital One
• SunTrust Bank
• Гражданский банк
• Santander Bank
• PNC Bank
• Союз Банк
• Юнайтед Банк
• Сионский банк
• Commerce Bank
• Восточный берег
• HSBC
• KeyBank
• M&T Банк
• Регионы банк
• Подпись Банка
• Пятый третий банк
• Морозный банк
• Великий Западный Банк
• FirstBank
• Первый Гражданский Банк
• Силиконовая долина банк
• Синовус Банк

Когда банки обычно закрываются на праздники

Новый год, День Мартина Лютера Кинга-младшего, День президентов, День памяти, День независимости, День труда, День Колумба, второй понедельник Дня ветеранов, День благодарения и Рождество — единственные дни, когда банки обычно закрыты.

Несмотря на то, что Черная пятница не признана на национальном уровне, она является государственным праздником в 2 штатах США. В каждом штате люди отмечают свой уникальный набор праздников. Жители Техаса, например, празднуют независимость своего штата 20 марта. В то время как жители Западной Вирджинии отмечают особый день своего штата XNUMX июня.

Хотя 24 декабря и 1 января не считаются национальными праздниками, в штате Висконсин они отмечаются как выходные.

Если вы живете в одном из этих штатов, вам необходимо связаться с местным банком, чтобы узнать, когда он открыт. Финансовые учреждения могут работать по сокращенному графику или полностью закрываться во время государственных праздников. Однако банкоматы будут работать независимо от выходных.

У банков есть выходной в Черную пятницу?

Правильный вопрос: открыт ли ваш банк в Черную пятницу? Черная пятница не является федеральным праздником, несмотря на то, что многие рассматривают ее как отдельный праздник. Таким образом, большинство банков с автономными физическими объектами будут открыты в Черную пятницу, в отличие от настоящего банковского праздника.

Открыты ли банки в Черную пятницу в США?

Банки должны оставаться открытыми 29 ноября, что является Черной пятницей, потому что это не федеральный праздник. Однако на следующий день после Дня Благодарения в некоторых штатах может быть государственный праздник, и в этом случае банки могут быть закрыты или работать в разное время.

День открытых дверей Wells Fargo после Дня Благодарения?

Запланируйте узнать, открыт или закрыт ближайший к вам банк Wells Fargo в праздничные дни, включая Черную пятницу.

Как правило, все офисы Wells Fargo в США будут закрыты в следующие дни 2022 года.

Если федеральный праздник с установленной датой приходится на субботу или воскресенье, вместо него будет использоваться следующая пятница или понедельник. В 2022 году такие дни, как Рождество, являются примерами таких случаев. Поскольку воскресенье, 25 декабря 2022 года, выпадает на Рождество, следовательно, праздник будет отмечаться в следующий понедельник, 26 декабря.

Банки открыты, как обычно, в другие праздники, такие как день рождения президента Линкольна, День святого Валентина, Страстная пятница, День святого Патрика, День матери, День отца, Хэллоуин, День выборов, Черная пятница, Сочельник и Новый год, если только они приходятся на воскресенье.

Тем не менее, будьте осторожны, чтобы дать банку дополнительный день или два, если вам нужно инициировать транзакцию прямо перед праздником. Если чек размещается с помощью банкомата в праздничный день, средства не будут доступны до следующего рабочего дня.

Некоторые офисы Wells Fargo могут закрываться раньше на праздники, поэтому лучше заранее позвонить и убедиться.

Банк Америки закрыт на следующий день после Дня Благодарения?

Черная пятница — популярный день закрытия предприятий, чтобы сотрудники могли насладиться днем ​​​​после Дня Благодарения, хотя это не федеральный праздник. Итак, поскольку 26 ноября (Черная пятница) не является официальным выходным днем, большинство банков в этот день открыты.

Могу ли я снять 5000 долларов с Bank of America?

Максимальное снятие средств, которое вы можете снять как владелец счета Bank of America в банкомате, определяется типом вашего счета, вашим балансом и тем, скорректировали ли вы свои ограничения.

Как правило, вы можете снимать до 1,000 долларов США каждый день со своего расчетного счета в Bank of America через банкомат. Ограничения для разных учетных записей различаются. Следовательно, вы должны узнать свой лимит на снятие средств либо через свой профиль онлайн-банкинга, либо посетив местное отделение.

Как только вы снимете максимально допустимую сумму со своего счета в Bank of America, у вас больше не будет доступа к дополнительным операциям по снятию средств через банкомат. Эти ограничения являются разумными мерами предосторожности, чтобы гарантировать, что каждый, кому нужны деньги в банкомате, может их получить.

Из соображений удобства и безопасности банки хранят лишь небольшую часть своих депозитов в наличных деньгах. Банки устанавливают ограничения на снятие средств в банкоматах, чтобы небольшое количество клиентов не опустошало систему и не усложняло жизнь всем остальным.

Дневной лимит на снятие средств обнуляется, когда с момента последнего снятия средств прошло 24 часа. Как только это произойдет, вы можете снять столько денег, сколько захотите, вплоть до дневного максимума.

Поэтому, если клиент Bank of America использует дебетовые карты в банкоматах банка, вам следует принять к сведению приведенную выше информацию о лимите снятия средств Bank of America.

Если вы используете кредитную или дебетовую карту, выпущенную другим банком, для снятия наличных в банкомате Bank of America, этот банк, а не Bank of America, определит максимальную сумму, которую вы можете снять, и банкомат взимает комиссию за снятие наличных. обслуживание независимо от того, сколько вы берете.

Почему банки закрываются так рано?

Операционные расходы

Чем дольше открыты банки, тем дороже им эксплуатация (эксплуатационные расходы). В конце концов, большинство банков являются коммерческими предприятиями, а большинство предприятий стремятся получить прибыль. Таким образом, поскольку более высокие затраты приводят к снижению доходов, банки могут снизить затраты, закрываясь раньше. Эти затраты могут включать расходы на электроэнергию, безопасность и другие вещи.

Черная пятница — рабочий день?

Более 20 штатов отмечают праздник на следующий день после Дня благодарения, поэтому Черная пятница удобно приходится на этот день. Следовательно, в некоторых регионах может наблюдаться нехватка открытых заведений.

Например, Джорджия в Черную пятницу отмечает день рождения генерала Роберта Э. Ли государственным праздником. Точно так же все колледжи и институты США закрыты на весь четырехдневный праздник Дня Благодарения.

В День Благодарения все 50 штатов отмечают федеральный праздник. Многие люди используют Черную пятницу как выходной день или ежегодный отпуск даже в странах, где следующий понедельник не является выходным. Некоторые люди также пользуются этим, чтобы навестить дальних друзей и родственников или отправиться в экзотический отпуск. Кроме того, некоторые люди используют его как первый день рождественских покупок.

Черная пятница также является популярным днем ​​для покупки праздничных украшений и подарков. Игрушки часто включаются в распродажи и скидки во многих розничных магазинах.

Влияют ли праздники на прямой депозит 2022?

В федеральные государственные праздники банковские файлы, в том числе файлы прямого депозита, не перемещаются. Чтобы обеспечить своевременную оплату труда ваших сотрудников, вам следует сдвинуть график обработки, если выходной выпадает на период обработки платежной ведомости. Это нормальная практика — переносить день выплаты жалованья на предыдущий рабочий день, если дата вашего чека приходится на выходной.

Заключение

Хотя многие люди отмечают Черную пятницу как особый день, она не признана федеральным праздником. Таким образом, большинство банков с автономными физическими объектами будут открыты в Черную пятницу, в отличие от настоящего банковского праздника. Однако вполне вероятно, что эти банки сократят часы работы. Так что лучше позвонить заранее, чтобы узнать, будут ли они открыты в этот день.

Еще одна вещь, о которой следует помнить, это то, что день, следующий за Днем Благодарения, считается государственным праздником почти в половине штатов США. В результате некоторые соседние банки и кредитные союзы в этих штатах могут закрыться. Кроме того, в связи с закрытием этих предприятий также могут быть закрыты банковские отделения, расположенные в других учреждениях, например, в супермаркетах и ​​на территории колледжей.

Открыты ли банки в Черную пятницу? Часто задаваемые вопросы

Статьи по теме

• ЛУЧШАЯ КУПИТЬ ЧЕРНАЯ ПЯТНИЦА, ЧАСЫ И МЕСТА: Лучшие предложения в 2022 году.
• ЧТО ТАКОЕ ВЫПЛАТА ОТПУСКА ?: Кто имеет право на его льготы
• Часы работы Walmart в День Благодарения и другие магазины, открытые в День Благодарения 2022
• ЧЕРНАЯ ПЯТНИЦА: магазины с лучшими предложениями в Черную пятницу (обновлено)

Справка

• SmartAsset
• AS.as.com
• GOBankingRatings